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Decreased hippocampal protein kinase B (Akt) signaling in P15 ID rats. A and B: Western blots showing P-Akt and total Akt (A) with quantified ratio of P-AktS473 over total Akt (B). C and D: levels of P-FoxO1S319 (C) and P-p70S6K (D), downstream signaling targets of P-Akt. Values are means ± SE; n = 4–9/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.
