Figure 4.

Belt-transect across the margin of dwarf bamboo clumps. (a) A 10-m transect was set from the outside to inside of individual dwarf bamboo clumps in which terminal culms were located at the 3-m point, and 1 × 1 m² quadrats were set at 0–1 m, 3–4 m, 6–7 m, and 9–10 m locations for the measurements of culm performance and the environmental survey. (b) Percent coverage of bamboo canopy in each quadrat. (c) Maximum height of bamboo culms in each quadrat. (d) Soil moisture in volume-metric water content at a depth of 1–12 cm in each quadrat. Open boxes indicate diffuse margins and closed boxes indicate distinct margins. The sample size was 6 for diffuse margins and 4 for distinct margins. Box and whisker plot represents the 75th, 50th, and 25th percentile (boxes) with whiskers from the 90th to 10th percentile.