Table 1.

List of Wolbachia strains.

Strain	Supergroup	Host	Location	mod	res	Reference
wMel	A	D. melanogaster	USA	yes	yes	[75,76]
wMelCS	A	D. melanogaster	CantonS, USA	yes	yes	[30,70]
wMelPop	A	D. melanogaster	laboratory strain, USA	yes	yes	[26,27]
wAu	A	D. simulans	Coffs Harbour, Australia	no	no	[25]
wSan	A	D. santomea	Sao Tome, Africa	no*	yes	[77]
wYak	A	D. yakuba	Bom Successo, Africa	no*	yes	[77]
wTei	A	D. teissieri	Bom Successo, Africa	no*	yes	[77]
wWil	A	D. willistoni	Central and South America	no	n.d.	[38]
wSpt	A	D. septentriosaltans	Central and South America	n.d.	n.d.	[38]
wPro	A	D. prosaltans	Central and South America	n.d.	n.d.	[38]
wCer1	A	R. cerasi	Hungary	n.d.	n.d.	[46,61]
wCer2	A	R. cerasi	Austria	yes	yes	[46,61]
wCer2	A	D. simulans	microinjected	yes	yes	[62]
wCer2	A	C. capitata	microinjected	yes	yes	[47]
wRi	A	D. simulans	Riverside, USA	yes	yes	[16,45]
wHa	A	D. simulans	Hawaii, USA	yes	yes	[16,78]
wNo	B	D. simulans	Noumea	yes	yes	[79]
wMau	B	D. simulans	microinjected	no	yes	[80]
wBol1	B	H. bolina	French Polynesia	yes¶	yes¶	[81]
wDim	C	Dirofilaria immitis	Queensland	no	no	[49]

Modification/rescue phenotypes are included except for strains for which crossing phenotypes had not been determined (n.d.). Modification corresponds to the capacity of a strain to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) through sperm modification whereas rescue corresponds to the capacity to rescue CI in eggs fertilized by modified sperm [74]. The reference relates to the first description of the strain and/or the phenotype.

* wSan, wYak, wTei do not induce CI in their original hosts, yet can rescue CI induced by other strains [77], and induce CI in novel hosts upon artificial horizontal transfer through microinjection into D. simulans [23].

^¶ CI only expressed in host genotypes that are resistant to the expression of male killing induced by wBol1 [48,81]