Figure 1.

Modeling the aggregate effects of common and rare variants in FLT1 using latent variable structural equation modeling. Adding rare variants (B) to the FLT1 latent construct composed of common variants (A) improved the model fit (A: CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.03, SRMR = 0.08; vs. B: CFI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.02, SRMR = 0.05) and the variance explained in Q1 (R²: 0.36 ± 0.04 (B) vs. 0.30 ± 0.04 (A)). Standardized parameters and standard errors are shown above the arrows. Yellow, rare variant; blue, population substructure (PopStr; principal component, PC); red, gene; green, trait. * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.001. Residuals not shown for clarity.