Table 2.
Results from the univariable logistic regression analysis of variables significantly (P ≤ 0
| Variable | Level | Healthy calves | Diarrheic calves | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Herd factors | ||||
| Breed | 0: Swedish red and white | 18 | 33 | |
| 1: Swedish Holstein | 21 | 21 | ||
| 2: Other | 0 | 1 | 0.15* | |
| Age at weaning | 0: 6-8 weeks of age | 22 | 20 | |
| 1: 9-11 weeks of age | 7 | 15 | ||
| 2: 12-16 weeks of age | 7 | 13 | 0.20* | |
| Proportion of dead calves/20 born calves | 0: 0% | 24 | 19 | |
| 1: 5% | 11 | 12 | ||
| 2: ≥ 10% | 4 | 18 | 0.01 | |
| Proportion of calves having diarrhea/20 born calves | 0: < 5% | 16 | 1 | |
| 1: 5-20% | 17 | 7 | ||
| 2:>20% | 6 | 42 | < 0.001 | |
| Age at sampling | 0: 0-11 days | 11 | 23 | |
| 1: 12-21 days | 18 | 13 | ||
| 2: ≥ 22 days | 10 | 19 | 0.07* | |
| Herd size (no of cows) | 0: < 55 | 21 | 10 | |
| 1: 55-120 | 14 | 19 | ||
| 2: ≥ 121 | 4 | 25 | < 0.001* | |
| Milk calf feeder? | 0: No | 28 | 28 | |
| 1: Yes | 10 | 26 | 0.03* | |
| Usage of other antibiotics to treat diarrhea | 0: Never | 30 | 20 | |
| 1: Sometimes/Often | 7 | 33 | < 0.001 | |
| Antimicrobial resistance | ||||
| Resistant to ampicillin | 0: No | 34 | 35 | |
| 1: Yes | 7 | 19 | 0.05* | |
| Resistant to streptomycin | 0: No | 27 | 26 | |
| 1: Yes | 14 | 28 | 0.08* | |
| Resistant to tetracycline | 0: No | 36 | 29 | |
| 1: Yes | 5 | 25 | < 0.01* | |
| Resistant to sulphonamide | 0: No | 34 | 31 | |
| 1: Yes | 7 | 23 | < 0.01* | |
| Multiresistant (resistant to at least three antibiotics (Am, Sm, Tc and/or Su)) | 0: No | 37 | 37 | |
| 1: Yes | 4 | 19 | < 0.01 | |
| Presence of virulence genes | ||||
| Presence of terZ | 0: No | 24 | 1 | |
| 1: Yes | 11 | 10 | < 0.01 | |
| Presence of astA | 0: No | 28 | 8 | |
| 1: Yes | 5 | 5 | 0.09 | |
| Presence of EAST | 0: No | 33 | 37 | |
| 1: Yes | 6 | 18 | 0.06* |
* variables eligible for entering the multivariable analysis