Table 3.
Pooled RR and 95% CI for stroke subtypes by quintiles of intake of dietary protein sources among 43,150 US men and 84,010 US women *
| Quintiles | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | P for trend |
RR for 1 serving/day |
||
| Total Red Meat | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.92,1.77) | 1.24 (0.87,1.76) | 1.36 (0.93,1.99) | 1.19 (0.77,1.86) | 0.44 | 1.10 (0.87,1.39) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 1.07 (0.93,1.23) | 1.09 (0.94,1.27) | 1.18 (1.00,1.38) | 1.22 (1.01,1.47) | 0.03 | 1.12 (1.01,1.24) | |
|
Processed Red Meat |
||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.76,1.47) | 1.08 (0.76,1.53) | 1.40 (0.99,1.96) | 1.13 (0.76,1.67) | 0.25 | 1.39 (0.80,2.41) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.88,1.16) | 0.99 (0.86,1.15) | 1.02 (0.88,1.19) | 1.15 (0.98,1.35) | 0.03 | 1.30 (1.02,1.64) | |
|
Unprocessed Red Meat |
||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.69,1.31) | 1.00 (0.71,1.41) | 1.04 (0.72,1.50) | 0.83 (0.55,1.27) | 0.57 | 0.88 (0.56,1.37) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.06,1.41) | 1.15 (0.99,1.34) | 1.27 (1.08,1.49) | 1.27 (1.06,1.53) | 0.05 | 1.21 (1.00,1.47) | |
| Poultry | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.57,1.11) | 0.89 (0.66,1.22) | 0.79 (0.55,1.12) | 0.74 (0.52,1.06) | 0.14 | 0.60 (0.30,1.18) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.88,1.17) | 0.90 (0.79,1.03) | 0.99 (0.85,1.15) | 0.89 (0.76,1.03) | 0.21 | 0.83 (0.62,1.11) | |
| Fish | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.58,1.09) | 0.71 (0.51,1.00) | 0.71 (0.50,1.00) | 0.79 (0.55,1.12) | 0.38 | 0.72 (0.34,1.50) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.85,1.13) | 0.95 (0.82,1.11) | 1.02 (0.88,1.19) | 0.94 (0.81,1.11) | 0.66 | 0.93 (0.68,1.28) | |
| Whole-fat dairy | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.54,1.03) | 0.85 (0.61,1.18) | 0.78 (0.56,1.09) | 0.98 (0.69,1.37) | 0.37 | 1.06 (0.93,1.21) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.79,1.03) | 0.87 (0.76,1.00) | 0.88 (0.76,1.02) | 0.87 (0.75,1.02) | 0.18 | 0.96 (0.91,1.02) | |
| Low-fat dairy | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.56,1.07) | 0.80 (0.58,1.12) | 0.79 (0.56,1.10) | 0.88 (0.62,1.24) | 0.99 | 1.00 (0.87,1.15) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.79,1.06) | 0.98 (0.85,1.13) | 0.94 (0.81,1.09) | 0.94 (0.81,1.10) | 0.56 | 0.98 (0.92,1.04) | |
| Eggs | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 1.09 (0.79,1.51) | 1.40 (1.01,1.93) | 1.16 (0.81,1.64) | 0.70 (0.46,1.06) | 0.03 | 0.56 (0.33,0.93) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.73,0.96) | 0.86 (0.75,0.98) | 0.80 (0.69,0.93) | 0.90 (0.77,1.04) | 0.36 | 0.91 (0.73,1.12) | |
| Nuts | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.76,1.43) | 0.81 (0.57,1.13) | 0.86 (0.62,1.20) | 0.83 (0.59,1.16) | 0.21 | 0.66 (0.34,1.26) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.84,1.11) | 1.00 (0.86,1.15) | 1.03 (0.89,1.18) | 0.97 (0.84,1.12) | 0.59 | 0.93 (0.70,1.22) | |
| Legumes | ||||||||
| Hemorrhagic | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.58,1.15) | 1.26 (0.91,1.74) | 0.93 (0.67,1.30) | 1.15 (0.82,1.62) | 0.32 | 1.46 (0.69,3.06) | |
| Ischemic | 1.00 | 0.96 (0.83,1.11) | 1.03 (0.89,1.20) | 1.04 (0.90,1.20) | 1.14 (0.98,1.32) | 0.02 | 1.45 (1.06,2.00) | |
Pooled multivariable models are stratified on age (months) and time period (13 periods in NHS, 11 in HPFS) and include: body mass index (10 categories), cigarette smoking (never, past, current 1–14 cig/day, current 14–25 cig/day, current 25+ cig/day), physical exercise (<3, 3–9, 9–18, 18–27, 27+ metabolic equivalents/week), parental history of early myocardial infarction (before age 60), menopausal status in women (pre-menopausal, postmenopausal with no history of hormone replacement, postmenopausal with history of hormone replacement, postmenopausal with current hormone replacement), multivitamin use (quintiles of yrs), vitamin E supplement use (yes/no), aspirin use at least once per week (yes/no), total energy (quintiles of Kcal), cereal fiber (quintiles of g/day), alcohol (quintiles of g/day), trans-fat (quintiles of g/day), fruit and vegetables (quintiles of servings/day), and other protein sources (quintiles of servings/day)