Three common annuloplasty devices compared in the current study: the flexible-incomplete Cosgrove© band (top), the semi-rigid-complete Physio© ring (middle), and the rigid-complete Geoform© ring (bottom). The left column shows photographs of the devices from the atrial view, where the anterior portion is arranged to be at the top, while the posterior portion is at the bottom. The right column shows the mathematical representation of the mitral valve annulus in its native state, black, and upon device implantation, white, both at end diastole. Photographs courtesy of Edwards Lifesciences.