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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 15.
Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2011 Oct 8;62(2):1177–1184. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.084

Figure 2. Modeling task-related control signals in BOLD timecourses.

Figure 2

A) The mixed block/event-related design allows for the simultaneous dissociation of three control signal. Transient activity at beginning of task (yellow) is believed to represent task initiation and implementation of task rules. Task set maintenance signals must be sustained (red) across the task block for continued performance. Performance correction comes from transient feedback responses (blue). B) The left set of timecourses reflect the residual activity after extracting the transient, trial-related activity from left anterior insula/frontal operculum showing block transition and sustained effects. Explicit modeling of these effects extracts their separate magnitude and reliability. Timecourse mirrors depiction of start-cue and sustained control signals from schematic in A. To the right are different trial-related signals related to error and correct trials, respectively.