| WHI [184] |
RCT: 16,608 |
Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs +/− MPA |
↑ Stroke |
| WHIMS [36, 48, 157] |
RCT – Subsets of WHI: 7,340 total |
Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs +/− MPA |
CEEs + MPA ↑ dementia. CEEs alone ↓ cognition. |
| WHIMS-MRI [36, 37] |
RCT - Subset of WHIMS: 1,403 |
Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs +/− MPA |
NO ↑ in volume of ischemic brain lesions, but ↓ average volume of hippocampus and frontal lobe. |
| WHISCA [36, 136] |
RCT - Subset of WHI/WHIMS: 2,302 |
Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs +/− MPA |
CEEs + MPA ↓ verbal memory. CEEs alone ↓ spatial rotational ability. |
| HERS and HERS II [63–65, 83] |
RCT: 2,763 |
Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs + MPA |
HT ↑ VTE risk and does NOT ↓ CHD or ↑ cognition in women with existing CAD. |
| WHI 10-year Follow-Up [93] |
RCT: 10,739 |
Early and Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs Alone (No Progestogen) |
NO ↑ risk of CHD, DVT, stroke or mortality. Early HT ↓ risk of CHD and MI. |
| REMEMBER Pilot [101] |
Cohort: 428 |
>60 Years of Age |
Multiple |
Early HT ↑ cognition. Late HT ↓ cognition. |
| KPNC [187] |
Cohort: 5,504 |
Early and Late Menopausal |
Multiple |
Early HT ↓ dementia. Late HT ↓ dementia. |
| UK GPRD [135] |
Nested Case-Control: 75,668 |
50–79 Years of Age |
Multiple |
Low-dose transdermal HT does NOT ↑ stroke, but High-dose and oral HT ↑ stroke. |
| ESTHER [25] |
Case Control: 881 |
Early and Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs and Transdermal E2 |
Oral HT and norpregnanes ↑ risk of VTE. |
| E3N [24] |
Cohort: 80,308 |
Early and Late Menopausal |
Oral CEEs and Transdermal E2 |
Transdermal HT does NOT ↑ risk of VTE. |
| WISE [155] |
Cohort: 654 |
Early and Late Menopausal; Naturally and Surgically Menopausal |
Multiple |
Early HT ↓ CAD in natural menopause only. |
| KEEPS [70, 113] |
RCT |
Early Menopausal |
Oral CEEs and Transdermal E2 |
Ongoing |
| ELITE [75, 76, 110] |
RCT |
Early and Late Menopausal |
Oral and Transdermal E2 |
Ongoing |
