Table 2.
Relations of Biochemical and Echocardiographic Variables with Ischemic Stroke
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI),p | ||
|---|---|---|
| Continuous (per SD) | Dichotomized | |
| Biochemical Markers | ||
| CRP(SD=2.6 mg/L)(Elevated CRP≥3.0 mg/L) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.11(0.94–1.31),0.230 | 1.27(0.89–1.81),0.189 |
| Model 2† | 1.09(0.91–1.30),0.372 | 1.22(0.84–1.75),0.296 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.07(0.89–1.29),0.460 | 1.20(0.83–1.74),0.337 |
| Model 4§ | 1.08(0.90–1.30),0.412 | 1.21(0.83–1.75),0.322 |
| Fibrinogen(SD=1.2 mg/dL)(Hyperfibrinogenemia≥400 mg/dL) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.26(1.04–1.52),0.016 | 1.19(0.81–1.76),0.379 |
| Model 2† | 1.18(0.97–1.44),0.094 | 1.02(0.69–1.52),0.917 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.09 (0.89–1.34),0.408 | 0.88(0.58–1.34),0.552 |
| Model 4§ | 1.10(0.89–1.35),0.395 | 0.85(0.56–1.30),0.464 |
| HbA1c(SD=1.4%)(Elevated HbA1c ≥6.5%) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.60(1.36–1.88),>0.001 | 2.22(1.58–3.14),>0.001 |
| Model 2† | 1.55(1.22–1.96),>0.001 | 1.70(1.04–2.78),0.034 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.45(1.19–1.76),>0.001 | 1.55(0.92–2.59),0.097 |
| Model 4§ | 1.47(1.21–1.78),>0.001 | 1.50(0.90–2.51),0.121 |
| UACR(SD=6.1 mg/g)(Microalbuminuria=30–299 mg/g) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.45(1.24–1.69),>0.001 | 1.79(1.22–2.64),0.003 |
| Model 2† | 1.32(1.09–1.59),0.005 | 1.44(0.95–2.19),0.090 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.24(1.02–1.52),0.031 | 1.31(0.85–2.02),0.225 |
| Model 4§ | 1.20(0.98–1.46),0.075 | 1.34(0.87–2.07),0.189 |
| UACR(Macroalbuminuria≥300 mg/g) | ||
| Model 1* | -- | 2.73(1.69–4.42),>0.001 |
| Model 2† | -- | 2.07(1.20–3.59),0.009 |
| Model 3‡ | -- | 1.78(1.01–3.13),0.046 |
| Model 4§ | -- | 1.64(0.92–2.91),0.095 |
| Echocardiographic Measures | ||
| LA Diameter(SD=0.4 cm)(LA Enlargement, Men>4.2 cm, Women>3.8 cm) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.31(1.11–1.54),0.001 | 1.81(1.20–2.72),0.005 |
| Model 2† | 1.34(1.12–1.61),0.002 | 1.80(1.17–2.76),0.007 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.36(1.31–1.64),0.001 | 2.03(1.34–3.22),0.001 |
| Model 4§ | 1.35(1.12–1.62),0.002 | 1.99(1.28–3.07),0.002 |
| LV Mass(SD=9.1 g/m2.7)(LV Hypertrophy, Men>50g/m2.7, Women>47 g/m2.7) | ||
| Model 1* | 1.12(0.95–1.32),0.185 | 1.11(0.73–1.70),0.630 |
| Model 2† | 1.04(0.86–1.26),0.662 | 0.94(0.59–1.50),0.801 |
| Model 3‡ | 1.03(0.84–1.25),0.799 | 0.97(0.60–1.55),0.884 |
| Model 4§ | 0.98(0.80–1.20),0.829 | 0.91(0.56–1.46),0.684 |
| MAC(Present vs. Absent) | ||
| Model 1* | -- | 1.67(1.03–2.71),0.037 |
| Model 2† | -- | 1.59(0.97–2.60),0.065 |
| Model 3‡ | -- | 1.54(0.93–2.52),0.091 |
| Model 4§ | -- | 1.40(0.84–2.34),0.192 |
| Mitral E/A Ratio(E/A<0.6) □ | ||
| Model 1* | -- | 1.29(0.67–2.49),0.455 |
| Model 2† | -- | 1.09(0.56–2.11),0.810 |
| Model 3‡ | -- | 1.00(0.51–1.96),0.991 |
| Model 4§ | -- | 0.95(0.49–1.85),0.874 |
Hazard ratios for continuous CRP, fibrinogen, UACR and HbA1c are for log-transformed values; those for LA diameter and LV mass are on the original scale.
*
Adjusted for age and sex
†
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, systolic BP, antihypertensive therapy, diabetes, LDL, HDL, current smoking, and serum creatinine
‡
Adjusted for covariates in † plus UACR and HbA1c
§
Adjusted for covariates in ‡ plus LA diameter and MAC
□
There were no strokes in participants with E/A>1.5, precluding calculation of HR's.