Table 1.
Study Sample Characteristics, Medicare Health Outcomes Survey
| Categorical Variables | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Total cases | 21,870a | |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 8826 | 40.4 |
| Female | 12,921 | 59.1 |
| Missing | 123 | 0.6 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Hispanic | 1351 | 6.2 |
| Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan Native | 186 | 0.9 |
| Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander | 267 | 1.2 |
| Non-Hispanic Black or African American | 1719 | 7.9 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 16,729 | 76.5 |
| Non-Hispanic Another race or multiracial | 375 | 1.7 |
| Missing | 1243 | 5.7 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 10,447 | 47.8 |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 10,454 | 47.8 |
| Never married | 525 | 2.4 |
| Missing | 444 | 2.0 |
| Education | ||
| 8th grade or less | 5264 | 24.1 |
| High school graduate or GED/Some high school | 10,915 | 49.9 |
| 4-year college graduate/Some college or 2-year | 4119 | 18.8 |
| More than a 4-year college degree | 839 | 3.8 |
| Missing | 733 | 3.4 |
| Proxy status | ||
| Other person to whom the survey was addressed | 8311 | 38.0 |
| Person to whom the survey was addressed | 11,247 | 51.4 |
| Missing | 2312 | 10.6 |
| Hypertension | ||
| Yes | 13,800 | 63.1 |
| No | 7535 | 34.5 |
| Missing | 535 | 2.5 |
| Angina/Coronary artery disease | ||
| Yes | 7991 | 36.5 |
| No | 12,638 | 57.8 |
| Missing | 1241 | 5.7 |
| Congestive heart failure | ||
| Yes | 5341 | 24.4 |
| No | 15,484 | 70.8 |
| Missing | 1045 | 4.8 |
| Other heart condition | ||
| Yes | 7952 | 36.4 |
| No | 12,882 | 58.9 |
| Missing | 1036 | 4.7 |
| Stroke | ||
| Yes | 5433 | 24.8 |
| No | 15,433 | 70.6 |
| Missing | 1004 | 4.6 |
| COPD | ||
| Yes | 5795 | 26.5 |
| No | 15,142 | 69.2 |
| Missing | 933 | 4.3 |
| Diabetes | ||
| Yes | 6142 | 28.1 |
| No | 15,071 | 68.9 |
| Missing | 657 | 3.0 |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never smoked | 9751 | 44.6 |
| Former smoker | 7952 | 36.4 |
| Current smoker | 2567 | 11.7 |
| Missing | 1600 | 7.3 |
| Any cancer | ||
| Yes | 5796 | 26.5 |
| No | 15,494 | 70.9 |
| Missing | 580 | 2.7 |
| Continuous Variables | Entire Sample | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Missing (%) | |
| Age | 78.24 | 7.51 | 0 (0) |
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL) b | 0.87 | 1.67 | 1215 (5.6) |
| Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) c | |||
| Physical Functioning | 23.52 | 11.00 | 70 (0.3) |
| Role-Physical | 20.13 | 7.73 | 753 (3.4) |
| Bodily Pain | 32.18 | 10.62 | 439 (2.0) |
| General Health Perceptions | 28.06 | 7.91 | 10 (0.1) |
| Emotional well being | 37.62 | 13.16 | 426 (1.9) |
| Social Functioning | 26.12 | 11.83 | 317 (1.4) |
| Energy/Fatigue | 32.35 | 9.68 | 381 (1.7) |
| Role-Emotional | 23.57 | 19.77 | 1221 (5.6) |
SD = standard deviation; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
a
Total n = 21,870 (15,281 for development set, 6589 for test set).
b
ADL measured using six items, score range 0–6; higher scores indicate greater functional impairment.
c
HRQOL measured using SF-36; scale scores represent standardized T-scores (mean=50, SD=10); higher scores represent greater HRQOL.