. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 28.

Published in final edited form as: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Dec 6;104(3):588–600. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01096.2007

Table 1.

Oscillatory flow effects on markers of endothelial cell inflammation, adhesion, and phenotype

		Stimulus
Study	Model	Flow Type and Magnitude, dyn/cm²	Duration, h	Oscillatory Shear Effects (Vs. Unidirectional)
Chappell et al. (10)	HUVEC in parallel plate chamber	Unidirectional: 5 ± 5	24	● ↑ VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin mRNA
Chappell et al. (10)	HUVEC in parallel plate chamber	Oscillatory: 0 ± 5	24	● ↑ monocyte adhesion
DeKeulenaer et al. (23)	HUVEC in parallel plate chamber	Unidirectional: 5	1, 5, and 24	● ↑ $O_{2}^{-}$ production
DeKeulenaer et al. (23)	HUVEC in parallel plate chamber	Oscillatory: 0 ± 5	1, 5, and 24	● SOD mRNA/protein expression unchanged
Hsiai et al. (54)	BAEC in flow channel	Unidirectional: 50 ± 40	4	● ↑ ICAM-1, P-selectin, and MCP-1 mRNA
Hsiai et al. (54)	BAEC in flow channel	Oscillatory: 0 ± 2.6	4	● ↑ monocyte adhesion
Hwang et al. (55)	BAEC in flow channel	Unidirectional: 25	4 and 8	● ↑ $O_{2}^{-}$ production
		Oscillatory: 0 ± 3		● ↓ eNOS mRNA
				● ↑ gp91phox, NOX4, and MCP-1 mRNA
				● ↑ monocyte adhesion
McNally et al. (85)	BAEC and MAEC in cone and plate viscometer	Unidirectional: 15	4	● ↑ $O_{2}^{-}$ production by xanthine oxidase
McNally et al. (85)	BAEC and MAEC in cone and plate viscometer	Oscillatory: 0 ± 15	4	● ↑ H₂O₂ production
Silacci et al. (116)	Perfused BAEC tubes	Unidirectional: 0.3 ± 0.1 and 6 ± 3	4 and 24	● ↓ eNOS mRNA
		Oscillatory: 0.3 ± 3		● ↓ p22phox mRNA
				● No change in $O_{2}^{-}$ production or overall oxidative state
Ziegler et al. (147)	Perfused BAEC tubes	Unidirectional: 6 ± 3	1, 4, and 24	● ↑ ET-1 mRNA
Ziegler et al. (147)	Perfused BAEC tubes	Oscillatory: 0.3 ± 3	1, 4, and 24	● ↓ eNOS mRNA
Ziegler et al. (148)	Perfused BAEC tubes and EA hy.926 cells	Unidirectional: 6 ± 6	24	● ↓ eNOS mRNA
Ziegler et al. (148)	Perfused BAEC tubes and EA hy.926 cells	Oscillatory: 0.3 ± 6	24	● ↓ eNOS promoter activation
Gambillara et al. (33)	Perfused swine carotid	Unidirectional: 0.3 ± 0.1 and 6 ± 3	72	● ↓ eNOS mRNA/protein
Gambillara et al. (33)	Perfused swine carotid	Oscillatory: 0.3 ± 3	72	● ↓ Vasodilation to bradykinin

BAEC, bovine aortic endothelial cells; eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ET-1, endothelin-1; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; ICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule 1; MAEC, mouse aortic endothelial cells; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; SOD, superoxide dismutase; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.