Activation of STAT3 requires an increase in endogenous CCK induced by PI feeding. A: immunohistochemistry for P-Tyr705 STAT3 and staining for DAPI in exocrine pancreas for the following conditions: fasting, ad libitum feeding, and fasting with refeeding of either control chow or chow containing PI. Representative ×40 field (top) and quantitation of percent nuclear localization of P-STAT3 (bottom), with 4 mice per group (n = 4, **P < 0.01). B: representative Western blot (top) and summary data of P-Tyr705 STAT3, total STAT3, and CycloA (control) for same conditions as listed in A; 4 mice per group (n = 4, **P < 0.01). C: representative Western blot (top) and summary data for wild-type (WT) and CCK-deficient (CCK−/−) mice that were fasted or fasted and then refed PI-containing chow; 3 mice per group (n = 3, **P < 0.01).