Table 3.

Recommendations in Driving Guidelines Published by Medical Organizations and the US Government^a

	AMA/NHTSA59,60	FMCSA (USDOT)58	AAO61	AAMVA/NHTSA62	AAN63
Medical condition
Vision
Monocular vision	+	I		+
Red-green color deficiencies	+	I	+	+
Visual field loss	+	+	+	+
Reduced useful field of view		+	+	+
Cataracts	+	I		+
Diplopia	+	I		+
Hearing
Hearing impairment	+	+		+
Vestibular dysfunction	+	I
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease	+	+		+
Hypertension	+	+		+
Cerebrovascular disease	+	+		+
Neurological diseases	+	+		+	+
Psychiatric disease
Psychotic disorders	+	I		+
Mood disorders	+	I		+
Anxiety disorders	+	I		+
Personality disorders	+	I		+
Benzodiazepine use	+	+		+
Antipsychotic use	+	I		+
Antidepressant use	+	I		+
Metabolic disorders	+	+		+
Musculoskeletal disease
Amputation of extremity	+	I		+
Inflammatory arthritis	+	I		+
Decreased angle of rotation at spine/neck	+	I		+
Peripheral vascular diseases	+
Renal disease	+	+
Respiratory diseases	+			+
Effects of anesthesia and surgery	+
Miscellaneous conditions	+			+
Medications	+	I		+
Multiple risk factors		+			+

^a+ indicates that recommendations are available; I, recommendations are inconclusive. The American Medical Association/National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (AMA/NHTSA), American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA)/NHTSA, and American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) guidelines rely on professional opinions and literature reviews of the best available articles. The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) uses standardized evidence grading schema that range from class 1 (randomized clinical trials) to class 4 (observational studies with no controls that have less reliability for practice).⁶⁴ The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)/US Department of Transportation (USDOT) Evidence Reports are based on systematic reviews of the literature and are presented in more detail in Table 1.