Table 2.

Distribution pattern of mutations along the horse mtDNA phylogeny

	d-loop (excluding STR)	Other noncoding	rRNA	tRNA	mRNA	MN*	MS*	MN/MS
Within haplogroups	133	4	23	11	176	55	121	0.455
Outside haplogroups	105	3	36	14	299	36	263	0.137
Singletons†	19	0	2	2	49	16	33	0.485
Total	257	7	61	27	524	107	417	0.257

*M_N and M_S are measures of nonsynonymous and synonymous changes inferred from the phylogenetic tree (SI Appendix, Fig. S1).

^†These are mutations in haplogroups/branches represented by a single haplotype, which are shown in Fig. 2 and SI Appendix, Fig. S1.