Table 5.
Significant biological processes influenced by training in RE-induced acute transcriptional responses
| Acute Exercise Response | Gene Functional Group/Biological Processes | Bilateral RE (TE vs. UTE) | Unilateral RE (TE vs. UTNE), Ref. 22 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Training-blunted responses | |||
| Upregulation | |||
| Response to unfolded protein | ↓ | ↑ | |
| Neurological system process | ↓ | ↑ | |
| Immune activation and inflammation | ↓ | ↑ | |
| Intra- and intercellular signaling | ↓ | ↑ | |
| Apoptosis | ↓ | ↑ | |
| Downregulation | |||
| Mitochondrial structure and oxidative phosphorylation | ↑ | ↓ | |
| Glucose metabolism | ↑ | ↓ | |
| Training-enhanced responses | |||
| Upregulation | |||
| ECM and cytoskeleton development and organization | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Muscle development | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Downregulation | |||
| Muscle contraction | ↓ | ↓ | |
| Gene transcription | ↓ | ↓ |
↑, Upregulated at the transcriptional level; ↓, downregulated at the transcriptional level. RE, resistance exercise; TE, trained exercised; UTNE, untrained nonexercised; UTE, untrained exercised.