Figure 3.

FoxO transcriptional activation is required for the cachexia-induced increase in the mRNA levels of selected atrophy-related genes. Relative mRNA levels of MuRF1, atrogin-1, cathepsin L, and Bnip3 from soleus (A, C) and TA muscles (B, D) injected with an empty vector or DN FoxO plasmid and harvested after ∼14 d from control and LLC tumor-bearing mice (A, B) or after 4 d from control and septic mice (C, D). Bars represent means ± se for 6 muscles/group. *P < 0.05 vs. control (Con) empty vector; ^†P < 0.05 vs. tumor-bearing (TB) or septic (Sep) empty vector.