Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios for the association between clean delivery kit use and clean delivery practices with neonatal mortality.
| Practices | All Countries | India (n = 6,841) | Bangladesh (n = 7,041) | Nepal (n = 5,872) |
| Use of a clean delivery kita | 0.52 (0.39–0.68)b | 0.43 (0.29–0.63) | 0.68 (0.44–1.04) | 0.51 (0.17–1.51) |
| Use of a boiled blade to cut the umbilical cordc | 0.73 (0.59–0.90)b | 0.74 (0.51–1.08) | 0.67 (0.49–0.92) | 0.80 (0.48–1.33) |
| Washing hands prior to deliveryc | 0.89 (0.73–1.09)b | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.86 (0.61–1.20) | 1.66 (1.06–2.65) |
| Use of dry cord carec | 1.51 (1.21–1.88)b | 1.34 (0.91–1.96) | 3.29 (2.27–4.78) | 0.48 (0.32–0.73) |
| Use of antiseptic to clean the cord onlyc | 0.16 (0.04–0.64)b | 0.31 (0.04–2.25) | 0.12 (0.02–0.84) | nad |
| Use of boiled thread to tie the corde | 0.71 (0.56–0.90)f | 0.60 (0.39–0.92) | 0.77 (0.56–1.05) | nag |
| Use of plastic sheete | 0.69 (0.51–0.93)f | 0.63 (0.31–1.26) | 0.68 (0.47–0.97) | nag |
| Use of glovese | 0.65 (0.37–1.13)f | 0.40 (0.16–1.00) | 0.94 (0.46–1.91) | nag |
| Use of each additional clean delivery practicee | 0.84 (0.77–0.92)f | 0.77 (0.66–0.92) | 0.89 (0.79–1.00) | nag |
Adjusted for clustering, maternal age, maternal education, maternal reading ability, household assets, bleeding in pregnancy, excessive bleeding during delivery, preterm delivery, exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 wk of life, season, number of antenatal care visits, malpresentation at delivery, fever 3 d prior to delivery, and, for the pooled analysis, study site.
Data available from India, Bangladesh, and Nepal, n = 19,754.
Adjusted for the indicators above and the use of a clean delivery kit.
It was not possible to obtain estimates for this model because of low numbers of cases where antiseptic was used; however, it was possible to include Nepal data in the pooled analysis.
Adjusted for the indicators above, and for delivery by a TBA, cord wrapped around infant's neck at delivery, infant condition at 5 min, parity, delivery by a skilled birth attendant (doctor, nurse, trained midwife).
Data available from India and Bangladesh, n = 13,882.
Not applicable: data were not collected in the study.