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. 2012 Jan 13;5(1):35–42. doi: 10.1159/000335896

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Illustration of several cranial nerves (III–VI) as they pierce the dura mater to enter the cavernous sinus. Note: The ophthalmic nerve (CN II) does not travel through the cavernous sinus. Visual symptoms are usually a secondary event due to impaired venous drainage from the eye itself leading to either retinal edema or severely increased intraocular pressures.