Table 2.

Gluteal musculature: percentage change in muscle volume during bedrest and recovery in CTR, RE, and RVE groups

	Day of BedRest/Recovery
Group	BDC	HDT27/28	HDT55/56	R + 14	R + 90	R + 180
Gluteus minimus
CTR	124.8 (16.0)	−11.3 (4.4)%‡	−11.2 (4.2)%‡	−5.5 (3.8)%‡	−1.6 (4.2)%	−2.7 (4.5)%
RE	112.5 (21.6)	−3.7 (4.6)%	−5.4 (4.0)%‡	−2.5 (4.6)%	2.2 (3.6)%	7.1 (7.6)%*
RVE	112.6 (19.5)	−9.4 (6.8)%‡	−5.6 (6.3)%*	0.8 (6.2)%	2.5 (5.8)%	1.6 (5.7)%
Gluteus medius
CTR	373.1 (41.9)	−2.2 (2.8)%*	−3.7 (2.8)%‡	−1.0 (2.7)%	−0.1 (2.5)%	−0.2 (3.1)%
RE	363.0 (75.4)	−1.9 (2.7)%	0.0 (3.1)%	1.9 (2.9)%	2.7 (2.8)%*	2.1 (3.4)%
RVE	373.6 (43.3)	−4.8 (5.1)%*	−3.6 (6.2)%	−1.2 (5.3)%	0.6 (5.6)%	1.0 (5.7)%
Lower gluteus maximus
CTR	573.3 (128.6)	−1.9 (5.3)%	−5.7 (4.9)%‡	−2.7 (5.3)%	−0.9 (3.9)%	−2.4 (3.8)%
RE	609.5 (113.3)	6.0 (4.8)%†	8.2 (5.6)%‡	7.4 (5.6)%‡	7.4 (5.7)%†	3.2 (6.1)%
RVE	510.5 (58.2)	1.2 (5.7)%	7.0 (6.0)%†	5.8 (6.2)%*	4.6 (5.5)%*	6.8 (8.5)%*
Upper gluteus maximus
CTR	397.4 (37.9)	−8.5 (6.9)%‡	−9.9 (7.2)%‡	−7.4 (7.3)%†	−2.7 (5.3)%	−1.0 (6.2)%
RE	398.2 (87.8)	−0.9 (5.5)%	2.5 (7.6)%	2.6 (7.9)%	2.5 (4.9)%	5.3 (5.2)%*
RVE	397.4 (52.2)	−1.6 (5.6)%	−4.3 (5.3)%*	−2.0 (5.7)%	6.7 (6.6)%†	0.5 (6.6)%

At BDC, values are means (SD) muscle volume (in ml). Subsequent to BDC, values are means (SD) percentage change compared with BDC. Significant difference of the percentage change in muscle volume compared with baseline (BDC):

^*P < 0.05;

^†P < 0.01;

^‡P < 0.001.