Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1991 Nov 11;19(21):5915–5922. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.21.5915

The N-terminal part of the E.coli DNA binding protein FIS is essential for stimulating site-specific DNA inversion but is not required for specific DNA binding.

C Koch 1, O Ninnemann 1, H Fuss 1, R Kahmann 1
PMCID: PMC329047  PMID: 1834996

Abstract

FIS protein is involved in several different cellular processes stimulating site-specific recombination in phages Mu and lambda as well as transcription of stable RNA operons in E.coli. We have performed a mutational analysis of fis and provide genetic and biochemical evidence that a truncated version of FIS lacking the N-terminal region is sufficient for specific DNA binding and for stimulating lambda excision. These mutants also retain their ability to autoregulate fis gene expression. Such mutant proteins, however, cannot stimulate the enhancer dependent DNA inversion reaction.

Full text

PDF
5920

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ball C. A., Johnson R. C. Efficient excision of phage lambda from the Escherichia coli chromosome requires the Fis protein. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jul;173(13):4027–4031. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.13.4027-4031.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1006/abio.1976.9999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bruist M. F., Glasgow A. C., Johnson R. C., Simon M. I. Fis binding to the recombinational enhancer of the Hin DNA inversion system. Genes Dev. 1987 Oct;1(8):762–772. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.8.762. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bujard H., Gentz R., Lanzer M., Stueber D., Mueller M., Ibrahimi I., Haeuptle M. T., Dobberstein B. A T5 promoter-based transcription-translation system for the analysis of proteins in vitro and in vivo. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:416–433. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55028-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bétermier M., Lefrère V., Koch C., Alazard R., Chandler M. The Escherichia coli protein, Fis: specific binding to the ends of phage Mu DNA and modulation of phage growth. Mol Microbiol. 1989 Apr;3(4):459–468. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00192.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Choe H. W., Labahn J., Itoh S., Koch C., Kahmann R., Saenger W. Crystallization of the DNA-binding Escherichia coli protein FIS. J Mol Biol. 1989 Jul 5;208(1):209–210. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90098-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Craig N. L. The mechanism of conservative site-specific recombination. Annu Rev Genet. 1988;22:77–105. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.000453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Derbyshire K. M., Salvo J. J., Grindley N. D. A simple and efficient procedure for saturation mutagenesis using mixed oligodeoxynucleotides. Gene. 1986;46(2-3):145–152. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90398-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fried M., Crothers D. M. Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6505–6525. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Garner M. M., Revzin A. A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jul 10;9(13):3047–3060. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.13.3047. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Harrison S. C., Aggarwal A. K. DNA recognition by proteins with the helix-turn-helix motif. Annu Rev Biochem. 1990;59:933–969. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.004441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Heichman K. A., Johnson R. C. The Hin invertasome: protein-mediated joining of distant recombination sites at the enhancer. Science. 1990 Aug 3;249(4968):511–517. doi: 10.1126/science.2166334. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hübner P., Arber W. Mutational analysis of a prokaryotic recombinational enhancer element with two functions. EMBO J. 1989 Feb;8(2):577–585. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03412.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hübner P., Haffter P., Iida S., Arber W. Bent DNA is needed for recombinational enhancer activity in the site-specific recombination system Cin of bacteriophage P1. The role of FIS protein. J Mol Biol. 1989 Feb 5;205(3):493–500. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90220-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Johnson R. C., Ball C. A., Pfeffer D., Simon M. I. Isolation of the gene encoding the Hin recombinational enhancer binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(10):3484–3488. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.10.3484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Johnson R. C., Bruist M. F. Intermediates in Hin-mediated DNA inversion: a role for Fis and the recombinational enhancer in the strand exchange reaction. EMBO J. 1989 May;8(5):1581–1590. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03542.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson R. C., Glasgow A. C., Simon M. I. Spatial relationship of the Fis binding sites for Hin recombinational enhancer activity. Nature. 1987 Oct 1;329(6138):462–465. doi: 10.1038/329462a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Johnson R. C., Simon M. I. Hin-mediated site-specific recombination requires two 26 bp recombination sites and a 60 bp recombinational enhancer. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):781–791. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80059-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kahmann R., Rudt F., Koch C., Mertens G. G inversion in bacteriophage Mu DNA is stimulated by a site within the invertase gene and a host factor. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):771–780. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80058-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kanaar R., van de Putte P., Cozzarelli N. R. Gin-mediated DNA inversion: product structure and the mechanism of strand exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(3):752–756. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.3.752. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Klippel A., Cloppenborg K., Kahmann R. Isolation and characterization of unusual gin mutants. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3983–3989. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03286.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Klippel A., Mertens G., Patschinsky T., Kahmann R. The DNA invertase Gin of phage Mu: formation of a covalent complex with DNA via a phosphoserine at amino acid position 9. EMBO J. 1988 Apr;7(4):1229–1237. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02935.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Koch C., Kahmann R. Purification and properties of the Escherichia coli host factor required for inversion of the G segment in bacteriophage Mu. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 25;261(33):15673–15678. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Koch C., Vandekerckhove J., Kahmann R. Escherichia coli host factor for site-specific DNA inversion: cloning and characterization of the fis gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4237–4241. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kostrewa D., Granzin J., Koch C., Choe H. W., Raghunathan S., Wolf W., Labahn J., Kahmann R., Saenger W. Three-dimensional structure of the E. coli DNA-binding protein FIS. Nature. 1991 Jan 10;349(6305):178–180. doi: 10.1038/349178a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kramer W., Drutsa V., Jansen H. W., Kramer B., Pflugfelder M., Fritz H. J. The gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed mutation construction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 21;12(24):9441–9456. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.24.9441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lanzer M., Bujard H. Promoters largely determine the efficiency of repressor action. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):8973–8977. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.8973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Mertens G., Fuss H., Kahmann R. Purification and properties of the DNA invertase gin encoded by bacteriophage Mu. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 25;261(33):15668–15672. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mertens G., Klippel A., Fuss H., Blöcker H., Frank R., Kahmann R. Site-specific recombination in bacteriophage Mu: characterization of binding sites for the DNA invertase Gin. EMBO J. 1988 Apr;7(4):1219–1227. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02934.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Nilsson L., Vanet A., Vijgenboom E., Bosch L. The role of FIS in trans activation of stable RNA operons of E. coli. EMBO J. 1990 Mar;9(3):727–734. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08166.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Osuna R., Finkel S. E., Johnson R. C. Identification of two functional regions in Fis: the N-terminus is required to promote Hin-mediated DNA inversion but not lambda excision. EMBO J. 1991 Jun;10(6):1593–1603. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07680.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Ross W., Thompson J. F., Newlands J. T., Gourse R. L. E.coli Fis protein activates ribosomal RNA transcription in vitro and in vivo. EMBO J. 1990 Nov;9(11):3733–3742. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07586.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. SADLER J. R., NOVICK A. THE PROPERTIES OF REPRESSOR AND THE KINETICS OF ITS ACTION. J Mol Biol. 1965 Jun;12:305–327. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(65)80255-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Stanssens P., Opsomer C., McKeown Y. M., Kramer W., Zabeau M., Fritz H. J. Efficient oligonucleotide-directed construction of mutations in expression vectors by the gapped duplex DNA method using alternating selectable markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4441–4454. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.12.4441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tabor S., Richardson C. C. A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1074–1078. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1074. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Thompson J. F., Landy A. Empirical estimation of protein-induced DNA bending angles: applications to lambda site-specific recombination complexes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Oct 25;16(20):9687–9705. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.20.9687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Thompson J. F., Moitoso de Vargas L., Koch C., Kahmann R., Landy A. Cellular factors couple recombination with growth phase: characterization of a new component in the lambda site-specific recombination pathway. Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):901–908. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90516-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Travers A. A. DNA conformation and protein binding. Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:427–452. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.58.070189.002235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Wu H. M., Crothers D. M. The locus of sequence-directed and protein-induced DNA bending. Nature. 1984 Apr 5;308(5959):509–513. doi: 10.1038/308509a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES