Table 2.

Combined Effect Sizes by Domain and Outcome Variable

Outcome variable	Combined effect size	Variance	SE	95% CI		Q	df	I2
				LL	UL
Simple attention
Lapses	−0.762**	0.009	0.095	−0.948	−0.576	112.18	16	61.6
Reaction time	−0.732**	0.005	0.072	−0.874	−0.590	97.04	25	54.1
Complex attention
Accuracy	−0.479**	0.007	0.082	−0.640	−0.318	56.79	24	31.7
Reaction time	−0.312**	0.003	0.059	−0.429	−0.197	192.57	36	53.5
Processing speed
Accuracy	−0.245	0.017	0.130	−0.500	0.010	72.99	11	52.1
Reaction time	−0.302**	0.007	0.083	−0.464	−0.140	194.77	19	62.4
Working memory
Accuracy	−0.555**	0.009	0.095	−0.741	−0.368	113.79	25	55.4
Reaction time	−0.515**	0.009	0.097	−0.704	−0.326	92.95	16	66.3
Short-term memory
Recall	−0.383*	0.018	0.135	−0.647	−0.118	37.85	11	55.1
Recognition	−0.378*	0.016	0.125	−0.624	−0.132	13.91	4	13.9
Reasoning
Accuracy	−0.125	0.005	0.072	−0.268	0.016	14.59	11	5.4

Note. CI = confidence interval; LL = lower limit; UL = upper limit.

^*p < .01.

^**p < .001.