Primary Stressors
|
Patient-related illness factors |
Patient-related illness factors |
Disease site |
Type of treatment |
Stage of illness |
Nature of treatment |
Prognosis |
Treatment setting |
Duration of illness |
Medical costs |
Treatment or disease-related symptoms |
Limited or no health insurance |
Symptom distress |
Access to treatment and support |
Immobility |
Symptoms of |
Dependency |
anxiety, |
Poor coping |
cognitive impairment |
Decreased social support |
neuropsychiatric disorders |
Behavioral problems (depression/agitation) |
delirium |
Pain |
fatigue |
|
Patient co-morbidities |
|
Demands of caregiving |
Demands of caregiving |
Assisting with ADLs |
Managing complex medication regimens |
Managing symptoms and side effects |
Maintaining nutrition |
Handling patient behaviors and emotions |
Managing chronic & acute conditions |
Coordinating or administering treatments |
Accessing community resources |
Transportation |
Navigating the health care system |
|
Secondary Stressor or “Spillover Effects”
|
Role changes |
Changes in relationships |
Changes in family structure |
Role overload |
Financial & employment stress |
Feelings of entrapment or isolation |
Changes in caregiver self-concept |
Lifestyle changes |
Schedule disruption |
Sleep disturbance |
Caregiver fatigue |
|
|
Cognitive Appraisal
|
Distress appraisals |
Distress appraisals |
Burden |
Caregiving strain & difficulty |
Resentment |
Perceived caregiving ability |
Self-efficacy |
Confidence |
|
Competence |
|
Mastery |
|
Preparedness |
|
Needs |
|
Outlook for the future |
|
Uncertainty |
|
Hope/hopelessness |
|
Rewards & benefits of caregiving |
|
Cognitive and Behavioral Responses
|
Coping |
Coping |
Approach versus avoidance coping |
Approach versus avoidance |
|
Problem- versus emotion-focused |
|
Planning ahead |
|
Advance care planning |
|
Providing care |
|
Acquiring knowledge |
|
Developing skill |
|
Health & Well-Being
|
Overall quality of life |
Mental health |
Mental health |
Anxiety |
Depression |
Mood disturbance/emotional distress |
Other mental disorders |
Emotional adjustment |
Physical health |
Emotional distress |
Self-rated health |
Guilt |
Use of prescription medications |
Panic disorder |
Immune function |
Posttraumatic stress disorder |
Wound healing |
Unresolved or complicated grief |
Blood pressure |
Physical health |
Lipid profiles |
Natural killer cell activity |
Mastery |
Heart rate |
Marital Adjustment |
Excretion of urinary proteins |
Effects on bereavement |
Health-related quality of life |
Positive aspects of caregiving |
Life satisfaction, meaning, adjustment |
Growth & satisfaction |
Personal growth |
Increased closeness or intimacy |
Sense of accomplishment |
Opportunity to repay care received |
Increased intimacy |
Increased intimacy |
Peace |
Increased meaning or purpose |
|