Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study subjects stratified for BMI.
| N | Group A Nonobese 198 |
Group B Class I/II obese 330 |
P
A versus B |
Group C Class III obese 422 |
P
A versus C |
P
B versus C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women/men | 159/39 | 222/108 | <0.001 | 303/119 | <0.01 | NS |
| Age (yr) | 49 (45–55) | 48 (34–58) | NS | 43 (35–51) | <0.001 | 0.005 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)a | 23.0 (21.3–24.7) | 35.7 (32.9–38.1) | <0.001 | 46.2 (42.8–51.1) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| WAIST (cm) | 95.5 (91–100) | 112 (105–120) | 0.045 | 132.5 (123–142) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mm/Hg) | 120 (115–135) | 130 (120–140) | NS | 130 (120–140) | NS | NS |
| DBP (mm/Hg) | 80 (70–86) | 80 (75–90) | NS | 85 (80–90) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 85.5 (65.6–120.3) | 127.3 (85.9–181) | <0.001 | 125 (88.6–163) | <0.001 | NS |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 209 (187.2–234) | 203 (178–234) | NS | 195 (170–218.3) | <0.001 | <0.003 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59 (50–67) | 47.3 (40.3–56.6) | <0.001 | 45.8 (39.8–53) | <0.001 | <0.033 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 126 (108–147) | 124.2 (105–149) | NS | 115 (95.1–139.6) | <0.003 | <0.021 |
| ALT (U/L) | 23 (13.1–34.5) | 27.5 (19.2–40) | NS | 29.1 (20.7–45.6) | NS | NS |
| AST (U/L) | 20 (18–25) | 20 (16–27) | NS | 20 (16–28) | NS | NS |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 92 (84–100) | 93 (82–118) | NS | 95 (85–111) | <0.001 | NS |
| Fasting blood insulin (μU/mL) | 9.9 (7–15.2) | 18.8 (13–30) | <0.001 | 29 (19.5–47.3) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (U) | 2 (1.5–3.3) | 3.9 (2.6–6.7) | <0.001 | 6.2 (4.1–10.7) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ISI (U) | 4.6 (2.9–7.8) | 2.8 (1.8–4.4) | <0.001 | 1.9 (1.2–2.8) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 101 (30.6) | <0.001 | 103 (24.4) | <0.001 | <0.046 |
aBMI was calculated as body weight (kg)/height (m2). Values are medians and interquartile ranges. Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; ISI, insulin sensitivity index. Non-obese: BMI < 27 kg/m2; class I/II obese: BMI = 30-39.9 kg/m2; class III obese: BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.