Table 2.
Enrollment characteristics of the AKI cohort according to the 5 CYBA gene polymorphisms
| Characteristic | rs8854 genotypt |
P value | rs3794624 genotypes |
P value | rs4673 genotypes |
P value | rs4782390 genotypes |
P value | rsl049255 genotypes |
P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n: | GG 227 | GA/AA 35 | GG 118 | GA/AA 139 | CC 107 | CT/TT 155 | AA 123 | AT/TT 137 | AA 143 | AG/GG 113 | |||||
| Age, years | 66 (15) | 66 (18) | 0.81 | 67 (15) | 65 (16) | 0.38 | 65 (16) | 67 (15) | 0.32 | 66 (15) | 65 (16) | 0.61 | 65 (15) | 67 (16) | 0.53 |
| Males, % | 52 | 60 | 0.35 | 52 | 54 | 0.72 | 50 | 55 | 0.40 | 55 | 50 | 0.36 | 54 | 52 | 0.80 |
| Race, % | 0.83 | 0.49 | 0.11 | 0.003 | 0.006 | ||||||||||
| White | 90 | 91 | 90 | 91 | 87 | 93 | 85 | 96 | 95 | 85 | |||||
| Black | 7 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 3 | 12 | |||||
| Other | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | |||||
| Contributing cause | |||||||||||||||
| of AKI, % | 0.35 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 0.89 | 0.66 | ||||||||||
| Ischemic | 29 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 26 | 30 | 26 | 30 | 26 | 32 | |||||
| Nephro toxic | 15 | 23 | 20 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 17 | 15 | |||||
| Septic | 9 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 6 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 10 | |||||
| Multifactorial/other | 33 | 40 | 32 | 36 | 40 | 29 | 33 | 34 | 37 | 30 | |||||
| Coexisting conditions, | % | ||||||||||||||
| DM | 45 | 43 | 0.86 | 46 | 43 | 0.68 | 44 | 45 | 0.93 | 40 | 48 | 0.18 | 48 | 42 | 0.34 |
| Heart failure | 17 | 9 | 0.20 | 16 | 16 | 0.95 | 14 | 17 | 0.46 | 20 | 13 | 0.16 | 15 | 18 | 0.62 |
| Cirrhosis | 7 | 11 | 0.31 | 9 | 5 | 0.26 | 9 | 7 | 0.53 | 7 | 8 | 0.65 | 8 | 4 | 0.12 |
| CLD | 19 | 14 | 0.51 | 15 | 21 | 0.25 | 21 | 17 | 0.44 | 21 | 16 | 0.29 | 19 | 18 | 0.81 |
| CKD | 68 | 69 | 0.94 | 69 | 68 | 0.87 | 70 | 65 | 0.52 | 71 | 66 | 0.43 | 69 | 65 | 0.48 |
| APACHE II score | 20 (7) | 18 (5) | 0.176 | 20 (6) | 20 (7) | 0.84 | 19 (6) | 20 (7) | 0.21 | 20 (7) | 19 (6) | 0.23 | 19 (6) | 21 (7) | 0.01 |
| Sepsis, % | 45 | 26 | 0.03 | 44 | 42 | 0.81 | 37 | 47 | 0.09 | 42 | 45 | 0.62 | 43 | 43 | 0.95 |
| Shock, % | 30 | 11 | 0.02 | 24 | 31 | 0.20 | 24 | 30 | 0.29 | 22 | 34 | 0.04 | 30 | 25 | 0.35 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | |||||||||||||||
| Baseline value | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.5) | 0.37 | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.6) | 0.82 | 1.6 (0.6) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.56 | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.6) | 0.07 | 1.5 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.8) | 0.53 |
| Enrollment value | 3.6 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.4) | 0.96 | 3.7 (1.9) | 3.5 (1.6) | 0.46 | 3.6 (1.7) | 3.5 (1.8) | 0.55 | 3.7 (1.8) | 3.4 (1.7) | 0.20 | 3.4 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.9) | 0.36 |
| Peak | 4.4 (2.7) | 4.1 (1.8) | 0.61 | 4.7 (3.2) | 4.1 (1.9) | 0.08 | 4.3 (2.1) | 4.4 (2.9) | 0.65 | 4.5 (3.0) | 4.2 (2.2) | 0.34 | 4.4 (3.0) | 4.3 (2.0) | 0.72 |
| Discharge | 2.5 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.6) | 0.37 | 2.5 (1.8) | 2.5 (1.7) | 0.89 | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.8) | 0.85 | 2.7 (1.9) | 2.4 (1.5) | 0.12 | 2.4 (1.7) | 2.7 (1.7) | 0.18 |
| Urine output, Vday | 1.2 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.2) | 0.25 | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.3 (1.2) | 0.69 | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.0) | 0.33 | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.2 (1.0) | 0.12 | 1.2 (1.0) | 1.4 (1.1) | 0.39 |
| AKI stage at enrollment, % | 0.47 | 0.11 | 0.41 | 0.68 | 0.87 | ||||||||||
| Stage 1 | 43 | 43 | 36 | 49 | 43 | 43 | 41 | 46 | 44 | 42 | |||||
| Stage 2 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 45 | 5 | 5 | 4 | |||||
| Stage 3 | 53 | 49 | 59 | 47 | 50 | 54 | 55 | 49 | 51 | 54 | |||||
| Oxidative stress markers | |||||||||||||||
| Plasma nitro-tyrosine, nM | 12 (9, 23) | 11 (10, 24) | 0.29 | 12 (9, 24) | 12 (9, 22) | 0.45 | 12 (9,21) | 12 (9, 24) | 0.38 | 12 (9, 22) | 12 (8, 23) | 0.30 | 12 (9, 23) | 12 (9, 22) | 0.21 |
| Urinary 15-F2t-iso prostane, ng/mg | 1.1 (0.6, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.6, 4.0) | 0.42 | 1.1 (0.6, 2.8) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.49 | 1.2 (0.6, 2.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.56 | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) | 0.87 | 1.2 (0.7, 2.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.73 |
CKD = Chronic kidney disease; CLD = chronic lung disease; DM = diabetes mellitus. Continuous variables are presented as means (SD) or medians (25th, 75th percentile), and categorical variables as percentages. Missing genotyping data: rs3794624 (n = 5), rs4782390 (n = 2), and rs1049255 (n = 6).