Table 1.
Localization in gingiva | Biological activity | Induction by periodontal bacteria | Suppression by periodontal bacteria | Antibacterial activity against periodontal bacteria | Degradation by bacterial/host proteases | Saline sensitivity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hBD-1 | mRNA in spinous layers, peptide in granular layers (1, 53, 57) | N/A | P. intermedia (37) P. gingivalis (33) | N/A | P. intermedia (17) P. gingivalis (17) T. forsythia (20) F. nucleatum (17) A. actinomycetem-comitans (17) | P. gingivalis (62) | High (16, 17) |
hBD-2 | mRNA in spinous layers, peptide in upperspinous and granular layers (1, 53, 57, 59) | Increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression, keratinocyte proliferation and migration (47, 51, 52) | P. intermedia (29, 37) F. nucleatum (29–33, 37, 56) P. gingivalis (37, 38) A. actinomycetem-comitans (4) | T. denticola (26, 37) | P. intermedia (17) P. gingivalis (17) T. forsythia (20) F. nucleatum (17) A. actinomycetem-comitans (17) | P. gingivalis (62) Cathepsins (64) | Moderate (16, 17) |
hBD-3 | mRNA and peptide in upperspinous and granular layers (53, 59) | Increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression, keratinocyte proliferation and migration (45, 51, 52) Immunosuppressive activity (50) Promotes periodontal regeneration (69) Chemotactic effect (46, 47) | P. intermedia (37) F. nucleatum (29, 30, 33, 37, 56) P. gingivalis (29, 33) | P. gingivalis (37) T. forsythia (27, 37) T. denticola (27, 37) | P. intermedia (17, 20) T. forsythia (20) P. gingivalis (17, 37) F. nucleatum (17) A. actinomycetem-comitans (17) | P. gingivalis (25) Cathepsins (64) | Low (16, 17) |
N/A, not applicable.