Table 2. Selected concomitant conditions, risk factors, and outcomes for 919 episodes of candidemia by healthcare setting, Australia, 2001–2004*.
| Characteristic | Healthcare-associated, outpatient acquired (n = 107) | Healthcare-associated, inpatient acquired (n = 749) | p value† | Community acquired (n = 63) | p value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concomitant condition | ||||||
| Hematologic malignancy | 27 (25.2) | 131 (17.5) | 0.06 | 1 (1.6) | <0.001 | |
| Solid organ malignancy | 21 (19.6) | 135 (18.1) | 0.69 | 8 (12.7) | 0.30 | |
| Solid organ transplantation | 2 (1.9) | 22 (2.9) | 0.76 | – | – | |
| HSCT | 3 (2.8) | 25 (3.4) | 1.0 | – | – | |
| Prematurity | – | 35 (4.7) | – | 1 (1.6) | 0.37 | |
| Renal disease‡ | 10 (9.3) | 56 (7.5) | 0.44 | 2 (3.2) | 0.24 | |
| GI and liver disease§ | 17 (15.9) | 162 (21.6) | 0.20 | 12 (19.0) | 0.67 | |
| Pancreatitis | 1 (0.9) | 24 (3.2) | 0.35 | – | – | |
| Cardiovascular disease¶ | 17 (15.9) | 118 (15.8) | 1.0 | 4 (6.3) | 0.09 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 14 (13.1) | 111 (14.8) | 0.77 | 12 (19.0) | 0.37 | |
| Risk factor | ||||||
| Surgery in past 30 d | 16 (15.7) | 353 (49.0) | <0.001 | 4 (6.9) | 0.08 | |
| Burns/trauma | – | 40 (5.5) | – | 1 (1.8) | – | |
| VAD | 72 (69.2) | 653 (90.8) | <0.001 | 5 (9.1) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperalimentation | 13 (12.6) | 318 (44.1) | <0.001 | 1 (1.8) | 0.04 | |
| Neutropenia | 19 (18.1) | 144 (19.6) | 0.79 | 1 (1.6) | 0.002 | |
| Antimicrobial agents | 69 (65.7) | 686 (95.5) | <0.001 | 19 (34.5) | <0.001 | |
| Corticosteroids | 29 (28.4) | 236 (33.0) | 0.43 | 1 (1.6) | <0.001 | |
| Chemotherapy | 27 (25.2) | 106 (14.2) | 0.01 | – | – | |
| Systemic antifungal use | 15 (14.0) | 106 (14.2) | 1.0 | – | – | |
| Intravenous drug use | 2 (1.9) | 13 (1.7) | 1.0 | 15 (23.3) | <0.001 | |
| Other BSI | 15 (14) | 256 (34.2) | <0.001 | 5 (8) | 0.33 | |
| Sepsis syndrome | 74 (69.2) | 594 (79.3) | 0.01 | 37 (58.7) | 0.71 | |
| Candida endocarditis | 7 (6.5) | 22 (2.9) | 0.08 | 5 (7.9) | 0.55 | |
| Mean time in hospital, d | 18.1 | 56.7 | <0.001 | 16.1 | 0.33 | |
| Death within 30 d | 13 (12.4) | 218 (31.1) | <0.001 | 6 (9.4) | 1.0 | |
*Data are no. (%) of total cases in each category, except for mean time in hospital. Some patients had >1 concomitant condition or risk factor. HSCT, hemopoietic stem cell transplant; GI, gastrointestinal; VAD, vascular access device; BSI, bloodstream infection. †By χ2 test using outpatient healthcare-associated data as baseline. ‡Hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. §Biopsy-proven cirrhosis with portal hypertension, past upper GI bleeding caused by portal hypertension, or prior episodes of hepatic failure. ¶Severe congestive heart failure. Symptoms at rest/inability to carry out physical activity without discomfort.