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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Med. 2012;63:317–328. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-043010-144749

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen, three stress sensors—IRE1, PERK, and ATF6—are activated and initiate signal transduction events that control cell survival or death. PERK, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase; IRE1, inositol requiring protein 1; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; eIF2α, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha; CHOP, C/EBPα-homologous protein; Bcl-2, B cell lymphoma 2; Ero1α, ER oxidase 1 alpha; TRAF2, TNF receptor–associated factor 2; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1; XBP1, X-box binding protein 1; ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation; UPR, unfolded protein response.