Figure 1.
Schematic of potential cellular mechanisms responsible for amino acid control of muscle protein synthesis. Gln, glutamine; BCAA, branch chain amino acids; RAG, Ras-related GTPase; PAT1, proton-assisted amino acid transporter 1; Akt, protein kinase B; mTORC1, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1; Rab, member of the Rab family of GTPases; Rheb, ras-homologue enriched in brain; MAP4K3, mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase-3; 4E-BP1, 4E binding protein 1; S6K1, p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1; hVps34, human vacuolar protein sorting-34; eIF4F, eukaryotic initiation factor 4F; rpS6, ribosomal protein S6; eEF2, eukaryotic elongation factor 2.