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. 2010 Jan 4;171(3):357–367. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwp365

Table 2.

Relative Risksa for Vaccination From Multivariable Log-Normal Regression, by Age Group, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, October 2006–March 2008

Adolescent Girls Aged 9–17 Years
 Young Women Aged 18–26 Years
 Subanalysis of Younger Girls Aged 9–12 Years
RRb 95% CI P Value RRb 95% CI P Value RRb 95% CI P Value
Demographics
       Age, yearsc
        9–10/18 0.45 0.44, 0.46 <0.01 Referent 0.45 0.43, 0.46 <0.01
        11–12/19–20 1 0.81 0.78, 0.84 <0.01 Referent
        13–14/21–22 1.17 1.15, 1.18 <0.01 0.72 0.69, 0.76 <0.01
        15–16/23–24 1.14 1.12, 1.16 <0.01 0.67 0.64, 0.71 <0.01
        17/25–26 0.94 0.91, 0.96 <0.01 0.31 0.29, 0.33 <0.01
    Race/ethnicity
        White Referent Referent Referent
        Black 0.93 0.90, 0.95 <0.01 0.82 0.77, 0.88 <0.01 0.99 0.94, 1.04 0.66
        Hispanic 1.04 1.03, 1.06 <0.01 0.95 0.91, 0.99 0.01 1.11 1.07, 1.14 <0.01
        Asian 0.93 0.91, 0.96 <0.01 0.95 0.90, 1.01 0.12 0.97 0.92, 1.02 0.24
        Other/unknown 0.87 0.85, 0.89 <0.01 0.95 0.92, 0.99 <0.01 0.90 0.86, 0.94 <0.01
    US Census tract educational leveld 0.99 0.98, 0.99 <0.01 1.03 1.02, 1.04 <0.01 0.97 0.96, 0.98 <0.01
    US Census tract household incomee 1.02 1.01, 1.02 <0.01 1.03 1.02, 1.03 <0.01 1.01 1.01, 1.02 <0.01
    Medi-Cal enrolleef 1.19 1.17, 1.21 <0.01 1.02 0.92, 1.12 0.74 1.20 1.16, 1.24 <0.01
Primary care provider characteristics
    Specialty
        Pediatrics Referent Referent Referent
        Family medicine 0.81 0.79, 0.83 <0.01 1.06 1.01, 1.11 0.01 0.82 0.78, 0.86 <0.01
        Internal medicine 0.93 0.87, 1.00 0.04 0.91 0.86, 0.97 <0.01 0.64 0.33, 1.25 0.19
        Other 1.10 1.04, 1.15 <0.01 0.91 0.81, 1.03 0.14 1.10 0.99, 1.21 0.07
    Gender
        Female Referent Referent Referent
        Male 0.92 0.91, 0.93 <0.01 0.84 0.81, 0.86 <0.01 0.96 0.94, 0.98 <0.01
Health care utilization
    Primary care provider visit (per visit) 1.03 1.03, 1.03 <0.01 1.02 1.02, 1.02 <0.01 1.03 1.02, 1.03 <0.01
    Hospitalization (per visit) 0.86 0.83, 0.89 <0.01 0.83 0.79, 0.88 <0.01 0.88 0.83, 0.93 <0.01
    Emergency department visit (per visit) 1.01 1.00, 1.02 <0.01 0.97 0.96, 0.99 <0.01 1.01 0.99, 1.02 0.57
    Influenza vaccination 1.20 1.18, 1.22 <0.01 1.34 1.28, 1.39 <0.01 1.22 1.19, 1.26 <0.01
Women's health-related medical history
    Sexually transmitted diseases 1.13 1.04, 1.24 <0.01
    Pap test 1.25 1.21, 1.30 <0.01
    Obstetric history 0.53 0.50, 0.56 <0.01
Immune-related medical conditions
    Asthma or allergy 1.01 0.99, 1.03 0.55 1.05 1.01, 1.10 0.01 1.00 0.97, 1.04 0.91
    Drug allergy 1.05 1.03, 1.07 <0.01 1.07 1.04, 1.10 <0.01 1.04 1.00, 1.08 0.03

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Pap, Papanicolaou; RR, relative risk.

a

The multivariable model was also adjusted for provider medical center and girls’/women's length of health plan membership (relative risks not shown).

b

A relative risk of >1 suggests a greater chance of vaccination compared with the reference group.

c

The first value(s) applies to the age category 9–17 years; the second applies to the category 18–26 years.

d

Relative risks for neighborhood educational level are for a 10% increase in the percentage of adults with a high school diploma in the census tract where the subject resided.

e

Relative risks for neighborhood income level are for a $10,000 increase in median census tract household income in the census tract where the subject resided.

f

Medi-Cal refers to California's Medicaid health care program.