Figure 2.

Phenotype of vln2 vln3. A, Root morphology of azygous, (Az), vln2, vln3, and vln2 vln3 plants. Roots of both single mutants have the same appearance as azygous roots, but roots of double mutants grow in a curly, wavy manner. B, Phenotypes of 2-week-old plants. Leaves of the vln2 vln3 double mutant are twisted, but in single mutants, this twisting is absent. C, Phenotypes of 5-week-old plants. Branches of single mutants grow straight, similar to those of azygous plants, but in the double mutants, branches are curly and even show complete twists (arrow). This twisting also occurs in the fruit stalks. D, Twisting of double mutant branches and fruit stalks shown at a higher magnification. E, The rotational movements (circumnutation) of vln2 vln3 inflorescences have larger amplitudes than those of Col-0 inflorescences and are less regular (Supplemental Movie S1). [See online article for color version of this figure.]