Table 1.

This table summarizes the compounds discussed in this review that influence B. subtilis multicellularity. The data are meant to be representative and not comprehensive. For instance, the producing organisms listed are not the only ones capable of making these natural products, and the bioactivities are only those currently described. The references listed refer to papers discussing the effects of these compounds specifically on B. subtilis.

Molecule	Producer(s)	Structure	Other bioactivies	Effect on B. subtilis	Ref
Nystatin	Streptomyces noursei	Macrolide polyene	Antifungal	Matrix-production	[21]
Amphotericin	Streptomyces nodosus	Macrolide polyene	Antifungal; Antiprotozoan	Matrix-production	[21]
Gramicidin	Bacillus brevis	Peptide	Gram (+) Antibacterial	Matrix-production	[21]
Surfactin	B. subtilis	Lipopeptide	Antibacterial; Antiviral; Antifungal; Hemolytic	Matrix-production; Tendril avoidance during swarming	[21], [57]
Valinomycin	Streptomyces species	Peptide	Antiviral	Matrix-production	[21]
cis-2-decenoic acid	P. aeruginosa	Short-chain fatty acid	Biofilm diserpsal	Biofilm dispersal	[32]
D-amino acids	B. subtilis; Many bacteria	D-amino acids	Cell wall peptidoglycan; Protein modifications	Biofilm dispersal	[33]
Muropeptides	Many bacteria	Peptidoglycan fragments		Germination stimulation	[37]
Staurosporine	Streptomyces species	Indolocarbazole	Protein kinase inhibition	Germination inhibition	[37]
ComX	B. subtilis	Isoprenylated decapeptide		Competence, sporulation, and surfactin indiuction; Strain-specific	[30]
CSF	B. subtilis; Bacillus mojavensis	Pentapeptide		Competence, sporulation, and surfactin induction; Species-specific	[54]