Table 2. Summary of atypical cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE).

Country	Age, y	Breed	Symptoms	Neuropathology		Western blot pattern*
				Spongiform changes	Immunohistochemistry
Italy	11	Bruna Alpina	None	Mild	Plaques	L
	15	Piemontese	None	Mild	Plaques	L
Denmark	14	Charolais	None	NR	NR	L
Poland	12	Black-white breed	None	Present	Positive (no plaques)	L
Japan	2	Holstein	None	Absent	Negative	L1
	14	Japanese Black	Dystasia	Severe	Positive (no plaques)	H
Belgium	5.5	East-Flemish	None	Absent	Negative	L1
France	10	Cross breed	None	NR	NR	H
	15	Prim Holstein	None	NR	NR	H
	8	Charolais	None	NR	NR	H
The Netherlands	13	Black-white Holstein, Freisian	NR	Present	No plaques	H
Sweden	12	Mixed Charolais	Recumbent	NR	Positive (no plaques)	H1
Switzerland	19	Zebu	Typical BSE	Typical BSE	Positive (no plaques)	H
Germany	13	Angus	NR	Absent	Positive (no plaques)	H
	15	Holstein-Freisian	NR	Absent	Positive (no plaques)	L
USA	12	Brahma cross	Falling	Absent	No plaques	H
	10	Red crossbred	Recumbent	Absent	No plaques	H
Canada	16	Charolais	Recumbent	NR	Positive (no plaques)	H

*L, lower molecular weight; H, higher molecular weight (the 2 major Western blot PrP glycopatterns that distinguish the strains from each other and from the pattern seen in typical BSE); NR, not reported. Only the Italian cows and Swiss zebu had full neuropathologic examinations (others were limited to examination of the obex). Details are not available for additional animals with both H and L strains in France and Poland.