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. 2012 Mar 1;7(3):e32711. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032711

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of ESCC cases and controls in the two phases of the Golestan Case-Control Study of ESCC in Golestan Province, Iran.

Hospital study Neighborhood study Difference in controls
ESCCN (%) ControlsN (%) ESCCN (%) ControlsN (%)
Total 130 260 300 571
Gender
Male 79 (61) 158 (61) 150 (50) 278 (49) P value<0.05
Female 51 (39) 102 (39) 150 (50) 293 (51)
Age
< = 50 22 (17) 40 (15) 32 (11) 61 (11) P value<0.05
51–60 29 (22) 60 (23) 81 (27) 144 (25)
61–70 38 (29) 83 (32) 86 (29) 177 (31)
>70 41 (32) 77 (30) 101 (34) 189 (33)
Ethnicity
Turkmen 72 (55) 94 (36) 171 (57) 312 (55) P value<0.05
Non-Turkmen 58 (45) 166 (64) 129 (43) 259 (45)
Residence
Urban 37 (29) 109 (42) 82 (27) 150 (26) P value<0.05
Rural 93 (71) 151 (58) 218 (73) 421 (74)