Table 2. Cigarette use and risk of ESCC in cases and controls in the two phases of the Golestan Case-Control Study of ESCC in Golestan Province, Iran.
Hospital study | Neighborhood study | P for heterogeneity adjusted ORs | |||||||
ESCC% | Control% | CrudeOR (95% CI) | Adjusted*OR (95% CI) | ESCC% | Control% | CrudeOR (95% CI) | Adjusted*OR (95% CI) | ||
Cigarette Smoking | |||||||||
Never | 107(82) | 226(87) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 232(78) | 471(83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Ever | 23(18) | 34(13) | 1.48 (0.80–2.75) | 1.33(0.67–2.64) | 67(22) | 99(17) | 1.35 (0.92–2.00) | 1.05(0.67–1.64) | 0.59 |
Average amount (cigarettes per day) | |||||||||
Never Used | 107(82) | 226(87) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 232(78) | 471(83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
< = Median** | 10(8) | 20(8) | 1.09 (0.48–2.49) | 1.04(0.42–2.61) | 22(7) | 49(9) | 0.89 (0.51–1.56) | 0.75(0.41–1.38) | 0.56 |
>Median | 13(10) | 14(5) | 2.06 (0.90–4.71) | 1.71(0.68–4.27) | 45(15) | 50(9) | 1.84 (1.13–2.99) | 1.38(0.80–2.37) | 0.70 |
Duration | |||||||||
Never Used | 107(82) | 226(87) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 232(78) | 471(83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
< = Median | 16(12) | 19(7) | 1.96 (0.90–4.28) | 1.64(0.72–3.69) | 30(10) | 49(9) | 1.18 (0.72–1.94) | 0.88(0.50–1.52) | 0.29 |
>Median | 7(6) | 15(6) | 0.99 (0.38–2.55) | 0.94(0.33–2.62) | 37(12) | 50(9) | 1.58 (0.95–2.62) | 1.27(0.73–2.23) | 0.58 |
Cumulative *** | |||||||||
Never Used | 107(82) | 226(87) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 232(78) | 471(83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
< = Median | 10(8) | 17(6.5) | 1.30 (0.55–3.07) | 1.22(0.47–3.19) | 30(10) | 49(9) | 1.22 (0.74–2.01) | 1.00(0.58–1.73) | 0.73 |
>Median | 13(10) | 17(6.5) | 1.66 (0.76–3.62) | 1.42(0.59–3.40) | 37(12) | 50(9) | 1.52 (0.91–2.53) | 1.11(0.62–1.98) | 0.66 |
Age Started | |||||||||
Never Used | 107(82) | 226(87) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 232(78) | 471(83) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
>Median | 10(8) | 17(6.5) | 1.26 (0.54–2.91) | 1.01(0.41–2.48) | 23(8) | 49(9) | 0.98 (0.57–1.68) | 0.84(0.47–1.50) | .75 |
< = Median | 13(10) | 17(6.5) | 1.76 (0.76–4.06) | 1.75(0.72–4.25) | 44(15) | 50(9) | 1.75 (1.08–2.84) | 1.28(0.74–2.20) | .58 |
Adjusted for opium, nass, hookah, ethnicity, education and place of residence.
Median of control group in each set.
Cumulative = duration×amount.