Table 3. Nass use and risk of ESCC in cases and controls in the two phases of the Golestan Case-Control Study of ESCC in Golestan Province, Iran.
| Hospital study | Neighborhood study | P for heterogeneity adjusted ORs | |||||||
| ESCC% | Control% | CrudeOR (95% CI) | Adjusted*OR (95% CI) | ESCC% | Control% | CrudeOR (95% CI) | Adjusted*OR (95% CI) | ||
| Nass | |||||||||
| Never | 110(85) | 237(91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 256(85) | 523(92) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Ever | 20(15) | 23(9) | 1.89 (0.98–3.62) | 1.82(0.89–3.70) | 44(15) | 48(8) | 2.09 (1.28–3.42) | 1.53(0.88–2.64) | 0.71 |
| Average amount (times per day) | |||||||||
| Never | 110(85) | 237(91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 256(85) | 523(92) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| < = Median** | 11(8) | 12(5) | 2.05 (0.85–4.93) | 1.93(0.76–4.92) | 17(6) | 24(4) | 1.59 (0.78–3.25) | 1.11(0.52–2.39) | 0.42 |
| >Median | 9(7) | 11(4) | 1.74 (0.71–4.22) | 1.71(0.66–4.40) | 27(9) | 24(4) | 2.52 (1.38–4.61) | 1.90(0.98–3.66) | 0.85 |
| Duration | |||||||||
| Never | 110(85) | 237(91) | 1.00 | 256(85) | 523(92) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| < = Median | 10(7.5) | 13(5) | 1.65 (0.67–4.06) | 1.43(0.54–3.76) | 26(9) | 24(4) | 2.44 (1.32–4.49) | 1.69(0.87–3.26) | 0.77 |
| >Median | 10(7.5) | 10(4) | 2.19 (0.85–5.65) | 2.35(0.86–6.41) | 18(6) | 24(4) | 1.69 (0.83–3.41) | 1.33(0.62–2.81) | 0.43. |
| Cumulative *** | |||||||||
| Never | 110(85) | 237(91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 256(85) | 523(92) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| < = Median | 9(7) | 12(5) | 1.61 (0.64–4.04) | 1.42(0.50–3.95) | 22(7) | 25(4) | 2.19 (1.08–3.73) | 1.36(0.70–2.66) | 0.95 |
| >Median | 11(8) | 11(4) | 2.20 (0.89–5.39) | 2.25(0.86–5.85) | 22(7) | 23(4) | 2.20 (1.15–4.21) | 1.74(0.86–3.53) | .68 |
| Age Started | |||||||||
| Never | 110(85) | 237(91) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 256(85) | 523(92) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| >Median | 12(9) | 12(5) | 1.56 (0.60–4.02) | 1.65(0.59–4.55) | 25(8) | 27(5) | 2.07 (1.06–4.04) | 1.49(0.73–3.04) | 0.88 |
| < = Median | 8(6) | 11(4) | 2.20 (0.93–5.18) | 1.95(0.80–4.74) | 19(6) | 21(4) | 2.11 (1.13–3.94) | 1.56(0.79–3.06) | 0.70 |
*
Adjusted for cigarette smoking, opium and hookah consumption, ethnicity, education and place of residence.
**
Median of control group in each set.
***
Cumulative = duration×amount.