Table 5. Opium use and risk of ESCC in cases and controls in the two phases of the Golestan Case-Control Study of ESCC in Golestan Province, Iran.
| Hospital study | Neighborhood study | P for heterogeneity adjusted ORs | |||||||
| ESCC% | Control% | CrudeOR(95% CI) | Adjusted** OR(95% CI) | ESCC% | Control % | CrudeOR(95% CI) | Adjusted**OR(95% CI) | ||
| Opium | |||||||||
| Never | 85(65) | 187(72) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 210(70) | 465(81) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Ever | 45(35) | 73(28) | 1.37 (0.85–2.21) | 1.09(0.63–1.87) | 90(30) | 106(18) | 1.95 (1.36–2.78) | 1.77(1.17–2.68) | 0.15 |
| Duration | |||||||||
| Never | 85(65) | 187(72) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 210(70) | 465(81) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| < = Median** | 27(21) | 36(14) | 1.69 (0.94–3.05) | 1.48(0.78–2.81) | 34(11) | 53(9) | 1.44 (0.88—2.39) | 1.44(0.84–2.45) | 0.94 |
| >Median | 18(14) | 3714 | 1.05 (0.54–2.03) | 0.73(0.35–1.51) | 56(19) | 53(9) | 2.37 (1.54—3.65) | 2.12(1.28–3.50) | 0.02 |
| Age Started | |||||||||
| Never | 85(65) | 187(72) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 210(70) | 465(81) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| >Median | 26(20) | 39(15) | 1.33 (0.74–2.41) | 1.07(0.54–2.10) | 41(14) | 53(9) | 1.26 (0.74—2.16) | 1.25(071–2.18) | 0.72 |
| < = Median | 19(15) | 34(13) | 1.42 (0.73–2.7) | 1.11(0.55–2.27) | 49(16) | 53(9) | 2.5 (1.63—3.84) | 2.32(1.40–3.82) | 0.09 |
*
Adjusted for cigarette smoking, nass, hookah, ethnicity, education and place of residence.
**
Median of control group in each study.