Table 4. Family and Child Predictors of Membership in Latent Stress Response Classes (n = 735).
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Model 1: Verbal Aggression | Model 2: Total Violence | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Variable | High Cortisol Reactivity, Moderate Negative Behavior | High Negative Behavior | High Baseline Cortisol, Low Cortisol Reactivity | High Cortisol Reactivity, Moderate Negative Behavior | High Negative Behavior | High Baseline Cortisol, Low Cortisol Reactivity |
| Covariates | ||||||
| Sitea | 1.51 (.69, 3.28) | 1.07 (.34, 3.36) | 4.04* (1.00,16.35) | 1.54 (.78, 3.05) | 1.07 (.31, 3.62) | 4.36* (1.01,18.73) |
| Child genderb | .74 (.38, 1.46) | .50 (.18, 1.40) | .81 (.33, 1.99) | .76 (.46, 1.26) | .49 (.19, 1.28) | .86 (.38, 1.95) |
| Child age | 1.00 (.63, 1.58) | .97 (.53, 1.77) | 1.62 (.91, 2.90) | 1.00 (.83, 1.21) | .98 (.56, 1.71) | 1.58 (.91, 2.75) |
| Child ethnicityc | .65 (.32, 1.33) | .17† (.02, 1.41) | 1.54 (.41, 5.88) | .54 (−1.35, 1.14) | .16† (.03, 1.03) | 1.83 (.45, 7.46) |
| Child negative temperament | 1.55** (1.09, 2.19) | 2.31** (1.48, 3.61) | 1.05 (.64, 1.73) | 1.55** (1.17, 2.07) | 2.26** (1.41, 3.61) | 1.06 (.61, 1.84) |
| Marital Statusd | 1.28 (.66, 1.92) | .97 (.23, 4.08) | .69 (.26, 1.78) | 1.40 (.76, 2.57) | 1.06 (.29, 3.87) | .67 (.27, 1.70) |
| Income-to-needs | 1.15 (.74, 1.80) | 1.18 (.71, 1.96) | .89 (.64, 1.25) | 1.15 (.84, 1.58) | 1.19 (.76, 1.87) | .88 (.63, 1.22) |
| Interparental Aggression | ||||||
| Verbal Aggression | 1.18 (.88, 1.57) | .91 (.43, 1.91) | .87 (.53, 1.42) | -- | -- | |
| Violence | -- | -- | -- | 1.33* (1.05,1.68) | 1.24 (.81, 1.90) | .76 (.44, 1.33) |
| Child Regulation | ||||||
| Reorienting to adult | .66** (.46, .95) | .66 (.31, 1.40) | .86 (.55, 1.35) | .63** (.47, .85) | .65 (.32, 1.31) | .88 (.58, 1.34) |
| Self-soothing | 1.11 (.79, 1.58) | 1.12 (.60, 2.11) | .91 (.49, 1.70) | 1.11 (.80, 1.55) | 1.10 (.64, 1.89) | .91 (.47, 1.77) |
| Avoidance | 1.35 (.54, 3.39) | 1.25 (.45, 3.53) | 1.46 (.79, 2.69) | 1.26 (.69, 2.30) | 1.24 (.52, 2.99) | 1.42 (.90, 2.26) |
Note: Low Reactors is the reference class. All continuous predictors were standardized prior to estimating models; Superscript denotes covariates that significantly predict differences between a single class and the reference class,
†
p< .10,
*
p < .05;
a
Site: 0=NC;1=PA,;
b
Sex: 0 = female, 1 = male;
c
Ethnicity: 1= black, 0=not,
d
Marital Status: 1=married, 0=not.