Figure 3.

An overview of monoclonal, polyclonal and recombinant antibody production [A]. Immunisation-related stages are represented by a red line, with those involving antibody production shown in black. A more in-depth discussion of the generation of recombinant antibodies, inclusive of Fab fragments, can be found in reference [38]. Additional hosts may also be used for antibody production, including camels (camelid), sheep (ovine) and pigs (porcine). A filamentous phage displaying scFv antibody fragments [B] and two recombinant antibody fragments, the scFv [C] and Fab [D], are also illustrated. Key: pIII/pVIII – protein 3/8, V_H – variable heavy, V_L – variable light.