Table 3.

A selection of nucleic acid-based protocols for pathogen detection.

Technique	Pathogen application	Ref.
Real-time PCR	Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis	[15]
	E. coli O157:H7	[16]
	S. aureus	[17]
	L. monocytogenes	[8,18]
	S. enterica serovar typhimurium	[19]
Multiplex PCR	E. coli O157:H7; Salmonella spp.; Shigella spp.	[20]
	L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp.	[21]
	Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., E. coli, Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Y. enterocolitica	[22]
Reverse transcriptase PCR	E. coli O157:H7	[23]
	E. coli O157:H7, V. cholerae, S. typhi	[24]
Immuno PCR	Streptococcus pyogenes	[25]
	E. coli shiga-toxin 2	[26]
NASBA	L. monocytogenes	[12,13]
	Campylobacter spp., L. monocytogenes, S. enterica serovar Enteritidis	[27]