Table 2.

Change of KoHSME in the two study groups.

	Placebo (n = 17)			HPE (n = 22)			P ‡ value (Placebo versus HPE)‡
	Baseline	End	P †	Baseline	End	P †
Physical function	3.6 ± 0.7c	3.5 ± 0.7b	0.625	3.5 ± 0.5a	3.8 ± 0.5a	0.007	0.036
Daily activity	4.1 ± 0.6c	3.9 ± 0.7b	0.420	4.2 ± 0.5a	4.1 ± 0.7a	0.983	0.657
Fitness	3.5 ± 0.9b	3.6 ± 0.7a	0.316	3.4 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.6	0.111	0.493
Aging physiological function	3.2 ± 0.8a	3.0 ± 0.8a	0.116	3.0 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.5	0.001	<0.001
Emotional function	3.7 ± 0.6a	3.7 ± 0.6b	0.690	3.6 ± 0.7	3.8 ± 0.6a	0.067	0.440
Depression	3.9 ± 0.7a	3.9 ± 0.7b	0.569	3.6 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.7a	0.025	0.479
Anxiety	3.4 ± 0.7a	3.3 ± 0.6b	0.727	3.5 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.7	0.364	0.493
Social function	3.6 ± 1.2a	3.7 ± 0.8a	0.699	3.7 ± 0.7	3.7 ± 0.7	0.881	0.858
Sexual function	2.5 ± 1.2a	3.0 ± 1.3b	0.230	2.4 ± 1.1	3.0 ± 1.1a	0.020	0.620
General health perception	2.7 ± 0.6a	2.5 ± 0.5a	0.254	2.9 ± 0.5	2.6 ± 0.6a	0.005	0.618
Health status perception	2.8 ± 0.9a	2.6 ± 0.9a	0.470	2.8 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.7	0.763	0.477
Health status change	2.8 ± 0.6a	2.4 ± 0.7a	0.083	3.0 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.6	0.002	0.218
Functional health satisfaction	2.6 ± 0.9a	2.5 ± 1.1a	0.717	3.0 ± 0.7	2.5 ± 0.9a	0.004	0.338
Bodily pain	2.7 ± 0.9a	3.4 ± 0.9b	0.149	2.9 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 0.8b	0.053	0.892
Pain frequency	2.4 ± 1.3a	3.2 ± 1.2a	0.067	2.6 ± 1.2	3.3 ± 0.6	0.043	0.843
Pain intensity	53.4 ± 21.5a	61.7 ± 18.5b	0.560	58.2 ± 19.2	59.5 ± 20.9b	0.569	0.812

Mean ± SD, ^a1 data missing, ^b2 data missing, ^c: 3 data missing, ^†change between end and baseline in each group (by Wilcoxon signed ranks test), ^‡comparison of mean change between HPE and placebo groups (by Mann-Whitney test), KoHSME; Korean Health Status Measure for the Elderly, and HPE: human placental extract.