Fig. 3.

The successive developmental stages of Cephalanthera falcata from seed germination to protocorm formation in asymbiotic culture in vitro. (A) Stage0: ‘No germination stage’, no growth of embryo occurs. (B) Stage 1: ‘Pre-germination stage’, embryo swells in the width of seed coat. (C) Stage 2: ‘Germination stage’, embryo emerges from the seed coat. (D) Stage3: ‘Protocorm stage’, embryo is discharged from the seed coat. (E) Stage 4: ‘Rhizoid stage’, rhizoids are formed on the surface of the protocorm (arrow). (F) Stage 5: ‘Shoot stage’, shoot is differentiated in protocorm. Scale bars = 1 mm. e, embryo; c, seed coat; ee, emerging embryo; p, protocorm; r, rhizoid; s, shoot.