Table 1.

Surface roughness of unmodified and nanotubular titanium (20 V voltage) surfaces

Substrates	Relative surface area (μm2)	Root mean square roughness (nm)
Unmodified titanium	0.3260 ± 0.017	6.940 ± 0.75
Nanotubular titanium	0.521 ± 0.045*	9.340 ± 0.59*

Note:

^*P < 0.05 nanotubular titanium compared with unmodified titanium.