Table 4.
Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat vision and hearing loss in WHO sub-Saharan African sub-region AfrE
| Disease area and intervention | Coverage (%) | Annual cost per capita ($Int) | Annual DALYs saved per million population | Cost effectiveness ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average* | Incremental† | ||||
| COM-2: Chronic otitis media, topical antibiotics | 50 | 0.01 | 535 | 16 | 16 |
| COM-4: Chronic otitis media, topical antibiotics | 80 | 0.01 | 638 | 17 | 24 |
| COM-6: Chronic otitis media, topical antibiotics | 95 | 0.01 | 670 | 20 | 63 |
| TRA-11: Trachoma, trichiasis surgery | 80 | 0.42 | 5843 | 71 | 71 |
| CAT-4: Cataract, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant | 80 | 0.64 | 5486 | 116 | 116 |
| CAT-6: Cataract, extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implant | 95 | 0.73 | 6281 | 116 | 117 |
| TRA-18: Trachoma, trichiasis surgery | 95 | 0.62 | 6939 | 90 | 189 |
| RE-9: Uncorrected refraction error, annual screening of all schoolchildren‡ | 80 | 0.25 | 1306 | 190 | 190 |
| MEN-1: Meningitis, ceftriaxione | 50 | 0.55 | 2534 | 217 | 217 |
| RE-15: Uncorrected refraction error, annual screening of all schoolchildren‡ | 95 | 0.38 | 1551 | 242 | 521 |
| HEA-6: Hearing loss, passive screening of all children and adults§ | 50 | 0.79 | 1075 | 735 | 735 |
| HEA-18: Hearing loss, passive screening of all children and adults§ | 80 | 1.28 | 1719 | 747 | 766 |
| HEA-4: Hearing loss, screening of adults every 5 years§ | 50 | 3.67 | 4686 | 784 | 806 |
| HEA-16: Hearing loss, screening of adults every 5 years§ | 80 | 6.04 | 7497 | 806 | 843 |
| MEN-2: Meningitis, ceftriaxione | 80 | 0.71 | 2702 | 263 | 959 |
| HEA-23: Hearing loss, annual screening of schoolchildren + screening of adults every 5 years§ | 80 | 8.32 | 9588 | 868 | 1089 |
| TRA-20: Trachoma, mass treatment with azithromycin + trichiasis surgery | 95 | 1.29 | 7191 | 180 | 2654 |
| MEN-3: Meningitis, ceftriaxione | 95 | 0.89 | 2760 | 322 | 3066 |
| HEA-35: Hearing loss, annual screening of school children + screening of adults every 5 years§ | 95 | 14.86 | 11386 | 1305 | 3639 |
DALYs=disability adjusted life years. $Int=international dollars.
*$Int per DALY averted relative to no intervention.
†$Int per DALY averted, within intervention cluster. This measures the increase in cost divided by the increase in effects when a new intervention is added to an existing intervention. For example, the incremental cost per DALY averted for screening primary and secondary school children for refractive error is the total increase in cost divided by the total increase in DALYs averted when screening of primary school children is added to the existing screening of secondary school children. Incremental ratios are only shown for interventions that are both more effective and less costly than other interventions.
‡Screening for uncorrected refractive error is in combination with the provision of spectacles to those who need it.
§Screening for hearing loss is in combination with the provision of hearing aids to those who need it.