Table 1.
Gene expression fold-changes between M.bovis-infected (n = 8) and control (n = 8) based on microarray and real time qRT-PCR analyses
| Gene symbol | Gene name | Gene description | Mean M.bovis-infected vs control group expression fold-change (microarray) | Mean M.bovis-infected vs control group expression fold-change (real time qRT-PCR) | Real time qRT-PCR P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASP1 | Caspase 1 gene | A member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease. Plays a role in the cell apoptosis | -1.45 | -1.98 | 0.001 |
| CD83 | Cluster of differentiation 83 gene | A cell surface protein found in antigen presenting cells. Believed to play a role in antigen presentation or the cellular interactions that follow lymphocyte activation | +4.92 | +5.88 | < 0.001 |
| CTLA4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 gene | A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and encodes a protein which transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells | +3.20 | +3.46 | 0.001 |
| DEFB10 | Beta-defensin 10 gene | Host defence response to bacterial infection; has antimicrobial activity | -3.38 | -12.21 | 0.018 |
| IFNB1 | interferon, beta 1, fibroblast | Cytokine activity | Not DE | Not DE | > 0.05 |
| IFNAR1 | Interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1 gene | A type I membrane protein that forms one of the two chains of a receptor for interferons alpha and beta | Not DE | -2.20 | < 0.001 |
| IFNG | Interferon gamma gene | A soluble cytokine with antiviral, immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties. A potent activator of macrophages | Not DE | Not DE | > 0.05 |
| IFNGR1 | Interferon gamma receptor 1 gene | Forms a heterodimer with interferon gamma receptor 2. Involved in binding of interferon gamma | Not DE | +2.23 | < 0.001 |
| IFNGR2 | Interferon gamma receptor 2 gene | Forms a heterodimer with interferon gamma receptor 1. Involved in binding of interferon gamma | -1.32 | Not DE | > 0.05 |
| IL1A | Interleukin 1, alpha gene | A member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family produced by macrophages. Involved in various immune responses, inflammatory processes, and haematopoiesis | +1.89 | +2.47 | 0.009 |
| IL8 | Interleukin 8 gene | A chemokine that mediates the inflammatory response | +2.15 | +4.01 | < 0.002 |
| IL15 | Interleukin 15 gene | A cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation | -1.49 | -2.03 | < 0.001 |
| JAK1 | Janus kinase 1 gene | A widely expressed membrane-associated phosphoprotein involved in the interferon-alpha/beta and -gamma signal transduction pathways | Not DE | Not DE | > 0.05 |
| KIR3DS1 | Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 1 | A transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by natural killer cells and some T cells. Involved in regulation of the immune response | -1.44 | -2.63 | 0.005 |
| MYD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) | A cytosolic adapter protein that functions as a signal transducer in the interleukin-1 and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways | -1.31 | -2.55 | < 0.001 |
| PTPN2 | protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 2 gene | A member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family that is involved in a variety of cellular processes including cell growth, and differentiation | Not DE | -1.43 | < 0.001 |
| STAT1 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa gene | A transcriptional activator protein activated in response to cytokines and growth factors | +1.28 | -1.27 | < 0.001 |
| STAT2 | signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, 113kDa gene | A transcriptional activator protein activated in response to cytokines and growth factors | -1.23 | -1.86 | < 0.001 |
| TLR3 | Toll-like receptor 3 gene | An intracellular pathogen recognition receptor (PRR) that largely recognises viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Mediates the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity | -1.55 | -1.63 | 0.001 |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 gene | A cell-surface PRR that recognises PAMPs expressed by infectious agents. Mediates the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity | +2.41 | Not DE | > 0.05 |
| TREM1 | Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 gene | A receptor expressed on myeloid cells upon microbial infection. Amplifies neutrophil and monocyte-mediated inflammatory responses stimulating release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines | -1.70 | -2.81 | 0.002 |
| TYK2 | Tyrosine kinase 2 gene | A member of the tyrosine kinase. A component of both interferon signalling pathways | Not represented on array | -1.60 | < 0.001 |
| TYROBP | TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein gene | A transmembrane protein involved in cell signalling | -1.38 | -1.98 | < 0.001 |
Gene descriptions taken from GeneCards version 3 [82] and the NCBI Entrez Gene database [83]. For the microarray data, genes with fold-change differences in expression were significant after adjustment for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg method [31] (adjusted P ≤ 0.05). 'Not DE' indicates a gene was not differentially expressed between the two sample groups.