Figure 1.

(Color online) (a) Schematic representation of the 3DM. Every vocal fold consists of five mass elements on each transverse plane. Each mass element is elastically connected to a rigid body by using an anchor spring. Also the mass elements are connected to their adjacent masses through springs in vertical and longitudinal directions.21 (b) Exemplary results of the optimized trajectories (dotted lines) of the mass elements m_3,3 located in the median cross section at the middle transverse plane on the right side of the model compared to the hemilarynx trajectories (solid lines) at the corresponding suture point. The longitudinal component is not shown here because the longitudinal displacement is relatively small ( ± 0.1 mm). The fundamental frequency is 120 Hz. The global normalized error (Γ) and correlation (k) are 0.09% and 88%, respectively. The local $(\Gamma ,\kappa )$ are (0.02, 99%) for lateral component and (0.11, 99%) for vertical component.