Table 1.
Function and Subcellular Localization of Familial Parkinson's Disease-Linked Gene Products
| Gene | Locus | Function | Mitochondrial localization | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a-synuclein | PARK1/4 | Regulation of synaptic vesicle release and recycling | Preferentially in cytosol | (95, 108) |
| parkin | PARK2 | E3 ubiquitin protein ligase | Preferentially in cytosol; partially in matrix, IMS and OMM | (127, 132, 187) |
| PINK1 | PARK6 | Mitochondrial serine/threonine kinase | Outer and inner mitochondrial membrane | (163, 211) |
| DJ-1 | PARK7 | Unknown, possible role in oxidative stress response, redox-responsive chaperone, peroxidase/antioxidant | Preferentially in cytosol; partially in mitochondrial matrix and IMS | (18, 209) |
| LRRK2 | PARK8 | Protein kinase, GTPase, protein scaffold? | OMM, mitochondrial matrix; multiple vesicular structures and membranous organelles | (14, 192) |
IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS, intermembrane space; LRRK2, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1.