Table 3. Comparison of clinical, biochemical, immunological, and pathological features of human and avian SSc.
Human SSc | Av ian SSc | |
---|---|---|
Clinical features | ||
Disease presentation | Subtle, middle-age | Acute, early in life |
Skin fibrosis | Present | Present |
Esophageal fibrosis | Present | Present |
Lung fibrosis | Present | Present |
Kidney involvement | Present | Present |
Heart involvement | Present | Present |
Polyarthritis | Present | Present |
Eye involvement | Debated | Absent |
Autoimmune features
Autoantibodies |
||
ANA | Present | Present |
Anti-Scl-70 | Present | Absent |
Anti-centromere | Present | Present |
Anti-cytoplasmic | Present | Present |
Autoreactive T cells | Present | Present |
Etiology | ||
Genetic susceptibility | Necessary, not sufficient | Necessary and sufficient |
Environmental factors | Hypothesized | Not important |
Pathology | ||
Fibroblast alterations | Present | Present |
Endothelial alterations | Present | Present |
Smooth muscle alterations | Present | Present |