Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
∙ Blood lactate assessment in the acute setting: pre-hospital, emergency department, trauma centre, or intensive care unit	∙ Abstract only
∙ Any age	∙ Case study
∙ Single or serial lactate measured in arterial, venous, or capillary blood	∙ Fewer than 40 patients included
∙ Outcome measure: in-hospital mortality	∙ Based on specific types of post-operative patients
∙ Written in English
∙ Human studies