Table 3.
Prenatal and Early Childhood Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene and the Risk of Mental Illness
| Outcome | Exposure Category/Percentile | % Yes (n/N) |
Crude Risk Ratio (95% CI) |
GEE* Risk Ratio (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | Any | 19.8 (152/769) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| > = 67th | 19.0 (47/248) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | |
| 33rd-< 67th | 20.8 (55/265) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | 1.2 (0.9-1.6) | |
| > 0-< 33rd | 19.5 (50/256) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | |
| None | 17.8 (92/518) | Reference | Reference | |
| Bipolar Disorder | Any | 5.5 (36/653) | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) | 1.8 (0.9-3.5) |
| > = 67th | 8.2 (18/219) | 2.6 (1.3-5.1) | 2.7 (1.3-5.6) | |
| 33rd-< 67th | 3.2 (7/217) | 1.0 (0.4-2.5) | 1.1 (0.4-2.7) | |
| > 0-< 33rd | 5.1 (11/217) | 1.6 (0.7-3.5) | 1.6 (0.7-3.7) | |
| None | 3.2 (14/440) | Reference | Reference | |
| Post-Traumatic | Any | 7.1 (47/664) | 1.5 (0.9-2.5) | 1.5 (0.9-2.5) |
| Stress Disorder | > = 67th | 8.2 (18/219) | 1.7 (1.0-3.2) | 1.7 (0.9-3.2) |
| 33rd-< 67th | 6.7 (15/225) | 1.4 (0.7-2.7) | 1.4 (0.7-2.7) | |
| > 0-< 33rd | 6.4 (14/220) | 1.4 (0.7-2.6) | 1.4 (0.7-2.6) | |
| None | 4.7 (21/447) | Reference | Reference | |
| Schizophrenia | Any | 0.5 (3/620) | 2.1 (0.2-20.0) | 2.1 (0.2-20.0) |
| > = 67th | 0.5 (1/202) | -------- | -------- | |
| 33rd-< 67th | 0.9 (2/212) | -------- | -------- | |
| > 0-< 33rd | 0.0 (0/206) | -------- | -------- | |
| None | 0.2 (1/427) | Reference | Reference | |
*Generalized estimating equations